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Abingdon ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
APPENDIX B ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE 18. SITE PLAN REVIEW Section 18-9. - Historic district entrance corridor overlay district. 18-9-8. Design standards. All applications for certificates of appropriateness must satisfy the design standards contained in this section. (a) Landscaping. (1) Landscaping shall be used to soften the visual impact of development and enhance the appearance of the area. (2) Landscaping shall be sufficient to soften the visual effects of parking lots, reduce the effective visual mass of large buildings, and provide screening between the development, the street and surrounding lots. (3) Landscape buffers, shall be provided adjacent to public streets of sufficient size to permit street trees and plantings to be installed to reduce the visibility into parking lots. (4) Landscaping shall be compatible with landscaping on adjacent properties. (5) Landscaping shall be of a high quality and designed in a professional manner. ? (Ord. No. 1-2003, 4-7-03; Amd. Of 7-7-03; Ord. No. 2004-65, ?? 1, 2, 9-7-04; Ord. of 9-4-07(2))

Alexandria County Code View whole ordinance
ZONING ARTICLE XIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 13-107 Development, redevelopment, and uses permitted in RPAs. The following criteria shall apply in RPAs unless the development, redevelopment, use, or land-disturbing activity is exempted under section 13-123 or granted an exception pursuant to section 13-119. All development, redevelopment, and uses within the RPA must comply with the performance criteria provided in section 13-109. ? (C) The following, if permitted in the underlying zone, are allowed within the RPA if approved by the director of T&ES and provided that a water quality impact assessment is performed and accepted by the director of T&ES as complete in accordance with section 13-117. ? (4) Stream restoration projects and shoreline erosion control and stabilization projects, including the removal of trees and woody vegetation, employment of necessary restoration, control, and stabilization techniques, and establishment of appropriate vegetation, may be allowed in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements if approved by the city arborist. (D) In order to maintain the functional value of the RPA buffer area, existing vegetation may be removed if approved by the director of T&ES and only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices to prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: (1) Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. Replacement vegetation shall require the approval of the director of T&ES, in consultation with the department of recreation, parks, and cultural activities and the department of planning and zoning. (2) Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. (3) Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds (such as Johnson grass, kudzu, and multiflora rose) may be removed and thinning of trees may be conducted. The director of T&ES may approve a long term management plan for a specific RPA that complies with professionally recognized management practices. ?

Arlington County Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 61 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION ORDINANCE 61-10. General Performance Standards for Development in Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas The following general performance standards shall apply to development in Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas, including development in both RPAs and RMAs. ? B. Existing vegetation and trees shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the proposed use and development permitted and in accordance with the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, current edition. 1. Existing trees over three (3) inches in diameter at breast height (DBH) shall be preserved outside the approved construction footprint consistent with the preceding paragraph. Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury may be removed, when approved by the Director. 2. Site clearing for construction activities shall be allowed as approved by the Director through the Plan of Development review process outlined under ? 61-13 of this chapter. 3. Prior to clearing and grading, suitable protective barriers consistent with the Arlington County's Department of Environmental Services Construction standards and specifications, current edition, and including safety fencing, signs, or such other material as may be required by the Director, shall be erected to protect the critical root zone for any tree or stand of trees to be preserved on the site, as well as to protect the critical root zone of trees on adjacent properties that extend onto the site. 4. Exceptions may be granted to allow reasonable access to the site and work area, with specific conditions to be established by the Director. Protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barrier. C. All new development or redevelopment shall provide for the planting or retention of trees on the site to the extent that, at a maturity of twenty (20) years, the minimum lot coverage of the tree canopy shall be as specified below: 1. Minimum tree canopy requirements a. Ten percent (10%) tree canopy for a site zoned business, commercial, or industrial; b. Ten percent (10%) tree canopy for a residential site zoned twenty (20) or more units per acre; c. Fifteen percent (15%) tree canopy for a residential site zoned more than ten (10) but less than twenty (20) units per acre; and, d. Twenty percent (20%) tree canopy for a residential site zoned ten (10) units or less per acre. 2. The Director may modify the tree canopy coverage requirements in this chapter where necessary to preserve wetlands or where the strict application of the requirements would be unnecessary, or an unreasonable hardship to the developer. 3. Dedicated school sites, playing fields, or other nonwooded public recreation areas, and other facilities and uses of a similar nature are exempt from these tree canopy coverage requirements. 4. The Director may impose conditions on any request for a modification or exception to the tree canopy coverage requirements that will assure that the results of the modification or exception will be in accordance with the purpose and intent of this chapter. 5. The tree canopy coverage requirements in this section shall be subject to the enforcement provisions of the Zoning Ordinance. ? (Ord. No. 03-1, 2-8-03; Ord. No. 14-05, 5-10-14, effective 7-1-14)

Arlington County Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 61 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION ORDINANCE 61-12. Water Quality Impact Assessment ? B. Minor water quality impact assessment. A minor water quality impact assessment shall be performed for any land disturbance or development that proposes to disturb up to five thousand (5,000) square feet of land in the landward fifty (50) feet of the RPA buffer or proposes to modify or encroach into the landward fifty (50) feet of the RPA buffer. A minor water quality impact assessment shall also be required for any proposed land disturbance or development that proposes to disturb up to five thousand (5,000) square feet of land on contiguous steep slopes greater than or equal to fifteen percent (15%) located adjacent to the landward boundary of the RPA buffer. A minor assessment shall include a site drawing to scale, which shows the following: ? 5. Location of existing vegetation onsite, including the number and type of trees and other vegetation to be removed in the RPA buffer to accommodate the encroachment or modification; 6. Re-vegetation or vegetation enhancement plan that supplements the existing RPA buffer vegetation in a manner that provides for pollutant removal, erosion and runoff control. C. Major water quality impact assessment. A major water quality impact assessment shall be performed for any land disturbance or development that proposes to disturb more than five thousand (5,000) square feet of land in the landward fifty (50) feet of the RPA buffer or proposes to disturb, modify, or encroach into any portion of the seaward fifty (50) feet of the Resource Protection Area buffer, regardless of the size of the proposed disturbance. A major water quality impact assessment shall also be required for any proposed land disturbance or development that proposes to disturb more than five thousand (5,000) square feet of land on contiguous steep slopes greater than or equal to fifteen percent (15%) located adjacent to the landward boundary of the RPA buffer. The information required in this section shall be considered a minimum, unless the Director determines that some of the elements are unnecessary due to the scope and nature of the proposed use and development. The following elements shall be included in the preparation and submission of a major water quality impact assessment. ? 3. A landscape conservation element that: a. Identifies and delineates the location of all woody plant material on site, including shrubs having a canopy greater than twenty-four (24) inches in diameter and all trees on site three (3) inches or greater in diameter at breast height or, where there are groups of trees, said stands may be outlined. b. Describes the impacts the development or use will have on the existing vegetation. Information shall include: (1) General limits of land disturbance, based on all anticipated improvements, including buildings, drives, and utilities; (2) Clear delineation of all trees and other woody vegetation that will be removed. c. Describes the proposed measures for mitigation, including a proposed design plan and planting schedule for trees and other woody vegetation removed for construction, including a list of proposed plants and trees to be used. Possible mitigation measures include: (1) The re-vegetation plan shall supplement the existing RPA buffer vegetation in a manner that provides for pollutant removal, erosion and runoff control; (2) The design of the plan shall preserve to the greatest extent possible any significant trees and vegetation on the site and will provide maximum erosion control and overland flow benefits from such vegetation; (3) Indigenous plants shall be used unless otherwise approved by the Director. ? (Ord. No. 03-1, 2-8-03)

Arlington County Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 61 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION ORDINANCE 61-13. Plan of Development Process in Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas Any new development or redevelopment exceeding two thousand five hundred (2,500) square feet of land disturbance in aggregate shall be accomplished through a plan of development process prior to any development preparation activities onsite, including, but not limited to, clearing and grading of the site and the issuance of any building or other applicable permit, to assure compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. ? C. Landscape conservation plan. A landscape conservation plan shall be submitted in conjunction with plan review and approval. No clearing or grading of any lot or parcel will be permitted without an approved landscape conservation plan for any land disturbance exceeding two thousand five hundred (2,500) square feet. Landscape conservation plans shall be prepared and/or certified by a landscape architect or arborist practicing within their areas of competence as prescribed by the Code of Virginia. 1. Contents of the plan a. The landscape conservation plan shall be drawn to scale and clearly delineate the location, size, and description of existing and proposed plant material. All existing trees on the site three (3) inches or greater diameter at breast height (DBH) shall be shown on the plan, or where there are groups of trees, said stands may be outlined instead. The specific number of trees three (3) inches or greater DBH to be preserved outside of the building envelope shall be indicated on the plan. Trees and other woody vegetation proposed to be removed to create the desired construction footprint shall be clearly delineated on the plan. b. The location of the critical root zone, as defined by the County's construction standards and specifications, for any trees shown on the plan or located on adjacent properties where the critical root zone extends onto the site, shall be delineated on the plan. c. Any required RPA shall be clearly delineated and any plant material to be added to establish or supplement the RPA buffer, as required under the authority of this chapter, shall be shown on the plan. d. Within the RPA buffer, trees and other woody vegetation to be removed for sight lines, vistas, access paths, and Best Management Practices, as provided for in this chapter, shall be shown on the plan. Vegetation required by this chapter to replace any existing trees within the RPA buffer shall be also be depicted on the plan. e. Trees and other woody vegetation to be removed for shoreline stabilization projects and any replacement vegetation required by this chapter shall be shown on the plan. f. The plan shall depict grade changes or other work adjacent to trees that would affect them adversely. Specifications shall be provided showing how grade, drainage, and aeration will be maintained around trees to be preserved to ensure the protection of existing trees and other vegetation during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction. 2. Plant specifications a. All plant materials necessary to supplement the RPA buffer or vegetated areas outside the construction footprint shall be installed according to the County's standard planting practices and procedures. b. All supplementary or replacement plant materials shall be living and in a healthy condition. Plant materials shall conform to the standards of the most recent edition of the American Standard for Nursery Stock, published by the American Association of Nurserymen. c. Where areas to be preserved, as designated on an approved landscape conservation plan, are encroached, the Director may require reasonable replacement of any trees damaged or destroyed in accordance with the County's current tree replacement policy, as adopted by the Director. d. Native or indigenous species shall be used for all supplementary or replacement plant materials, unless otherwise approved by the Director. D. Other submittal requirements. ? 2. Installation and bonding requirements ? b. When the occupancy of a structure is desired prior to the completion of landscaping, including vegetated stormwater management facilities, such as rain gardens, stormwater planters and green roofs, required by this chapter and part of an approved plan, a certificate of occupancy may be issued only if the applicant provides to the Director a form of surety satisfactory to the Director in an amount equal to the cost of any remaining materials, or installation costs, under terms to be established by the Director. c. All required landscaping, including vegetated stormwater management facilities such as rain gardens, stormwater planters and green roofs, required by this chapter shall be installed and approved by the first planting season following issuance of a certificate of occupancy or the surety may be forfeited to the County. ? ? (Ord. No. 03-1, 2-8-03; Ord. No. 14-05, 5-10-14, effective 7-1-14)

Arlington County Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 61 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION ORDINANCE 61-18. Penalties A. General provisions 1. Any building erected or improvements constructed contrary to any of the provisions of this chapter and any land disturbing activity regardless of area contrary to any of the provisions of this chapter and any removal of vegetation in Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas contrary to any of the provisions of this chapter shall be and the same is hereby declared to be unlawful. ? 4. Restoration of Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas shall be performed as necessary to meet the intent of this chapter. In addition to the plantings required by ? 61-10.C, the Director may require that trees illegally removed from Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas be replaced by other trees of the same or comparable species of equal value as determined by the Arlington County Tree Replacement Guidelines. 5. The Director may require the submission of a water quality impact assessment (WQIA) in accordance with the provisions of ? 61-12 as a condition for remedying a violation. In addition to the components of the WQIA listed in ? 61-12.C, the WQIA shall include a restoration plan acceptable to the Director for any removal of vegetation from Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas which does not comply with the provisions of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. 03-1, 2-8-03; Ord. No. 14-05, 5-10-14, effective 7-1-14)

Arlington County Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 61 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION ORDINANCE 61-7. Allowable Development, Modifications, and Encroachments in RPAs The following uses are allowed within the RPA, subject to the conditions set forth below, and the submission and review of a WQIA in accordance with ? 61-12. All other uses, as may be permitted in this chapter, are subject to additional requirements contained in ? 61-14 (nonconforming uses and structures), ? 61-15 (exemptions), and ? 61-16 (exceptions). ? B. Allowable Modifications to RPA Buffers. To minimize the adverse effects of human activities on the other components of the RPA, state waters, and aquatic life, a buffer area at least one hundred (100) feet wide of vegetation that is effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff shall be retained if present and established where it does not exist. Notwithstanding permitted uses, encroachments, and vegetation clearing allowed in this chapter, the minimum one hundred (100) foot buffer area is not reduced in width. In order to maintain the functional value of the RPA buffer, existing trees and vegetation may be removed, only as permitted by the Director, to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and Best Management Practices including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: 1. Trees may be pruned or removed from the RPA buffer as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. 2. Trees may be pruned or removed from the RPA buffer in an area no greater than five thousand (5,000) square feet or twenty-five percent (25%) of the RPA buffer, whichever is less, for all sight lines and vistas combined. The bounds of this area shall be determined in a manner acceptable to the Director and are to be based on identified vantage points and the portion of the landscape to be viewed. 3. Trees may not be removed where reasonable sight lines or vistas can be created by pruning trees alone. No more than twenty-five (25%) of the trees six (6) inches or greater in diameter at breast height (four and one-half (4.5) feet) may be removed from the areas designated for sight lines and vistas. 4. A written request for a determination by the Director that the proposed removal of vegetation from the RPA buffer is in accordance with the requirements of this chapter is required. Such request shall include a plan showing the following: a. The vantage points for the sight lines and vistas; b. The portion of the landscape to be viewed; c. The area in which trees are to be pruned or removed; d. The location of all trees six (6) inches or greater in diameter at breast height (four and one-half (4.5) feet) or as required by the Director; e. The location of the trees to be removed or pruned; f. The type of replacement vegetation proposed. 5. Trees may not be pruned or removed from the RPA buffer until a written determination is obtained from the Director that the proposed activity is in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. 6. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to control erosion effectively. Paths serving individual residential lots shall be no more than four (4) feet in width. 7. Noxious vegetation and dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery may be removed from the RPA buffer at the discretion of the landowner provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. 8. For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with applicable permit conditions or requirements. For shoreline erosion control projects which propose the use of sea walls, rip-rap, groins or other structural means of stabilization, it shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Director that vegetative techniques cannot be effectively utilized. ? (Ord. No. 03-1, 2-8-03; Ord. No. 14-05, 5-10-14, effective 7-1-14)

Ashland Town Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ARTICLE III. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREA Sec. 4.1-209. Performance standards for Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. (a) Purpose and intent. The performance standards establish the means to minimize erosion and sedimentation potential, reduce land application of nutrients and toxics, and maximize rainwater infiltration. Natural ground cover, especially woody vegetation, is most effective in holding soil in place and preventing site erosion. Indigenous vegetation, with its adaptability to local conditions without the use of harmful fertilizers or pesticides, filters stormwater runoff. Minimizing impervious cover enhances rainwater infiltration and effectively reduces stormwater runoff potential. The purpose and intent of these requirements are also to implement the following objectives: prevent a net increase in nonpoint source pollution from new development; achieve a ten-percent reduction in nonpoint source pollution from redevelopment; and achieve a forty-percent reduction in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural uses. (b) Development and redevelopment in Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. ? (2) Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the use or development permitted and in accordance with the "Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook." a. Existing trees over six (6) inches shall be preserved outside the limits of disturbance, including clearing and grading. Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury may be removed. B. Clearing shall be allowed only to provide public roads, necessary access, positive site drainage, water quality BMPs, and the installation of utilities, as approved by the town manager or designee. C. Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protective barriers, such as safety fencing, shall be erected at the dripline of any tree or stand of trees to be preserved. These protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barrier. ? ? Buffer area requirements. To minimize the adverse effects of human activities on the other components of resource protection areas (as defined in section 4.1-203), state waters, and aquatic life, a one-hundred-foot buffer area of vegetation that is effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff shall be retained if present and established where it does not exist. The buffer area shall be maintained to meet the following additional performance standards: (1) In order to maintain the functional value of the buffer area, indigenous vegetation may be removed, subject to approval by the Town of Ashland, only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices, as follows: a. Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. B. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. C. Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery may be removed and thinning may be conducted pursuant to sound horticulture practices. D. For stream bank erosion control projects, tree and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. ? (3) Where land uses such as agriculture or silviculture within the area of the buffer cease and the lands are proposed to be converted to other uses, the full one-hundred-foot wide buffer shall be reestablished. In reestablishing the buffer, management measures shall be undertaken to provide woody vegetation that assures the buffer functions set forth in this chapter. (9-17-90, ? 2; 12-21-04)

Ashland Town Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ARTICLE III. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREA Sec. 4.1-210. Water quality impact assessment. ? (c) Minor water quality impact assessment. A minor water quality impact assessment pertains only to development within CBPAs which causes no more than five thousand (5,000) square feet of land disturbance and requires any encroachment into the landward fifty (50) feet of the one-hundred-foot buffer area. The calculations of a minor assessment will demonstrate that the remaining buffer area and necessary best management practices will result in removal of no less than seventy-five (75) percent of sediments and forty (40) percent of nutrients from postdevelopment stormwater runoff. A minor assessment shall include a site drawing to scale which shows the following: ? (4) Location of existing vegetation on-site, including the number and type of trees and other vegetation to be removed in the buffer to accommodate the encroachment or modification; (5) Revegetation plan that supplements the existing buffer vegetation in a manner that provides for pollutant removal, erosion and runoff control. (d) Major water quality impact assessment. A major water quality impact assessment shall be required for any development which: (1) Exceeds five thousand (5,000) square feet of land disturbance within CBPAs and requires any encroachment into the landward fifty (50) feet of the one-hundred-foot buffer area; (2) Proposes to disturb any portion of the buffer area within fifty (50) feet of preservation component of the RPA; or (3) Is located in an RMA and is deemed necessary by the town manager or designee. The information required in this section shall be considered a minimum, unless the town manager or designee determines that some of the elements are unnecessary due to the scope and nature of the proposed use and development of land. The following elements shall be included in the preparation and submission of a major water quality assessment. ? (3) A landscape element that: a. Identifies and delineates the location of all significant plant material on site, including all trees six (6) inches or greater in diameter at breast height. Where there are groups of trees, stands may be outlined. b. Describes the impacts of the development or use will have on the existing vegetation. Information should include: 1. General limits of clearing, based on all anticipated improvements, including buildings, drives, and utilities; 2. Clear delineation of all trees which will be removed. c. Describes the potential measures for mitigation. Possible mitigation measures include: 1. Replanting schedule for trees and other significant vegetation removed for construction, including a list of possible plants and trees to be used; 2. Demonstration that the design of the plan will preserve to the greatest extent possible any significant trees and vegetation on the site and will provide maximum erosion control and overland flow benefits from such vegetation. ? (f) Evaluation procedure. ? (2) Upon the completed review of a major water quality impact assessment, the town manager or designee will determine if the proposed development is consistent with the purpose and intent of this article and make a finding based upon the following criteria: ? h. Proposed revegetation of disturbed areas will provide optimum erosion and sediment control benefits; ? (9-17-90, ? 2; 12-21-04)

Ashland Town Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ARTICLE III. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREA Sec. 4.1-211. Plan of development process. (a) Generally. Any development or redevelopment exceeding two thousand five hundred (2,500) square feet of land disturbance shall be accomplished through a plan of development process prior to any clearing or grading of the site or the issuance of any building permit, to assure compliance with all applicable requirements of this article. ? (d) Landscaping plan. A landscaping plan shall be submitted in conjunction with site plan approval or as part of subdivision plat approval. No clearing or grading of any lot or parcel shall be permitted without an approved landscaping plan. Landscaping plans shall be prepared and/or certified by design professionals practicing within their areas of competence as prescribed by the Code of Virginia. (1) Contents. a. The landscaping plan shall be drawn to scale and clearly delineate the location, size, and description of existing and proposed plant material. Where there are groups of trees, stands may be outlined instead. The specific number of trees six (6) inches or greater DBH to be preserved outside of the construction footprint shall be indicated on the plan. Trees to be removed to create a desired construction footprint shall be clearly delineated on the landscaping plan. b. Any required buffer area shall be clearly delineated and any plant material to be added to establish or supplement the buffer area, as required by this article, shall be shown on the landscaping plan. c. Within the buffer area, trees to be removed for sight lines, vistas, access paths, and best management practices, as provided for in this article, shall be shown on the plan. Vegetation required by this article to replace any existing trees within the buffer area shall also be shown on the landscaping plan. d. Trees to be removed for stream bank stabilization projects and any replacement vegetation required by this article shall be shown on the landscaping plan. e. The plan shall depict grade changes or other work adjacent to trees which would affect them adversely. Specifications shall be provided as to how grade, drainage, and aeration would be maintained around trees to be preserved. f. The landscaping plan will include specifications for the protection of existing trees during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction. g. The landscaping plan shall also be in accordance with Article XXIII, Landscaping, of Chapter 21, Zoning, of the Town Code. (2) Plant specifications. a. All plant materials necessary to supplement the buffer area or vegetated areas outside the construction footprint shall be installed according to standard planting practices and procedures. b. Where areas to be preserved, as designated on an approved landscaping plan, are encroached, replacement of existing trees and other vegetation will be achieved at a ratio of three (3) planted trees to one (1) removed. Replacement trees shall be a minimum of three and one-half (3.5) inches DBH at the time of planting. (3) Maintenance. a. The applicant shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of all vegetation as may be required by the provisions of this article. b. In buffer areas and areas outside the limits of land disturbance, plant material shall be tended and maintained in a healthy growing condition and free from refuse and debris. ? (9-17-90, ? 2; 12-21-04) Sec. 4.1-213. Exemptions. ? (b) Silvicultural activities. Silvicultural activities are exempt from the requirements of this article provided that silvicultural operations adhere to water quality protection procedures prescribed by the Department of Forestry in the January 1997 edition of "Forestry Best Management Practices for Water Quality in Virginia, Technical Guide." ? (9-17-90, ? 2; 12-21-04);oh5;

Ashland ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
Chapter 21 ZONING* Article IV. Residential, Restricted District R-1 Sec. 21-38. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A2) Article V. Residential, Limited District R-2 Sec. 21-46. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A2) Article VI. Residential, Medium District R-3 Sec. 21-54. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A2) Article VII. Residential, Medium-High District R-4 Sec. 21-65. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (11-24-98(3), ? 1; 6-12-01, ? 1; 2-17-04, ? A3) Article VIII. Residential, Multi-family District R-5 Sec. 21-77. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A3) Article IX. Residential, Office District RO-1 Sec. 21-82.1. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A2)

Ashland ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
Chapter 21 ZONING* Article X. Central Business District B-1 Sec. 21-99.1. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A3) Article X-A. Central Business District B-1D Sec. 21-99.3. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (9-16-14) Article XI. Highway Commercial District B-2 Sec. 21-109. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A3) Article XII. Neighborhood Commercial District B-4 Sec. 21-117. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A3) Article XIII. Limited Industrial District M-1 Sec. 21-125.2. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A3)

Ashland ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
Chapter 21 ZONING* Article XIV. Higher Education District HE Sec. 21-133.2. Landscape plan: landscaping, trees, buffers and screening. A landscape plan shall be required and landscaping, trees, buffers, and screening shall be provided in accordance with the applicable provisions of article XXIII of this chapter. (2-17-04, ? A2)

Blacksburg Town Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 3 AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST DISTRICTS ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL Section 3-100. Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to provide for procedures to effectuate Title 15.2, Chapter 43 of the Code of Virginia (1950), as amended, relating to the creation of agricultural and forestal districts. It is the policy of the Town to conserve and protect and to encourage the development and improvement of the Town's agricultural and forestal lands for the production of food and other agricultural and forestal products. It is also the policy of the Town to conserve and protect agricultural and forestal lands as valued natural and ecological resources which provide essential open spaces for clean air sheds, watershed protection, wildlife habitat, as well as for aesthetic purposes. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide a means for a mutual undertaking by landowners and the Town to protect and enhance agricultural and forestal land as a viable segment of the Commonwealth's economy and as an economic and environmental resource of major importance. State Law reference? Code of Virginia, Title 15.2, Chapter 43, ? 15.2-4300 et seq.

Blacksburg ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A Ordinance No. 1137 BLACKSBURG ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE V. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS DIVISION 4. LANDSCAPING Sec. 5426 Canopy coverage requirements. (a) Trees shall be provided within the limits of construction to the extent that at twenty years from the date of planting, tree canopies or covers will provide at least the following minimums: Zoning District: Tree Canopy - RR1: 20% - R-2, R-5: 20% - OTR: 20% - RM-27, RM-48: 10% - GC, O, IN, R&D, MXD: 10% - Planned Districts: Per Users Above (b) Existing trees or wooded areas which are to be preserved, at the applicants option may be included to meet all or part of the canopy requirements, provided the site plan identifies such trees and the trees meet the standards of size, health, placement, etc. set out in this section. The Administrator shall evaluate use of existing trees to ensure they have adequate health and strength to allow such use. ? Existing trees designated to be included as part of these requirements shall be protected during construction by fencing placed at a distance in feet equal to or greater than the diameter of the tree in inches at the height of 4? feet. (d) The extent of canopy at maturity shall be based on published reference texts described below, generally accepted by landscape architects, nurserymen, and arborists. (Ord. No. 1215, ? 33, 5-11-99; Ord. No. 1439, 4-10-07)

Blacksburg ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A Ordinance No. 1137 BLACKSBURG ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE V. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS DIVISION 4. LANDSCAPING Sec. 5427 Parking lot landscaping. (a) The following provisions are intended to require that 5% of the entire parking lot, excluding the access drive, is landscaped with trees and vegetative ground cover. The area of the parking lot is the square foot area of the parking spaces and aisles and interior parking lot islands, excluding access drives that do not contain either parallel or perpendicular parking spaces. (b) Within the parking lot there shall be planted one tree per ten spaces, rounded down to the closest whole number. (c) Planter islands or peninsulas containing trees shall be located within the parking lot, such that each island or planter is surrounded on at least 3 sides by parking lot or an access road to the parking lot. Their size shall be eighteen feet square in area, or equal total area in irregular shapes such that adequate space is provided for adequate tree canopy maturation. (d) Planter islands may be combined or placed together such that more than one tree may be provided in the combined planter island, so long as the total space equals a multiple of the requirements above. (e) Perimeter plantings may be used to satisfy this requirement in parking facilities less than forty-two feet in width. (f) Perimeter planting beds at least 10 feet in width shall be provided whenever a parking area is immediately adjacent to a public right-of-way. If a question arises as to whether or not a parking area is immediately adjacent to a public right-of-way, the Zoning Administrator shall make the determination. (Ord. No. 1184, adopted 6-9-98) (1) Plantings within this area shall include trees and vegetative ground cover. (2) Berms may be used in addition to, but not instead of plantings.

Charlottesville City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 34 ZONING ARTICLE II. OVERLAY DISTRICTS DIVISION 3. ENTRANCE CORRIDOR OVERLAY DISTRICTS Sec. 34-312. Application requirements. ? (c) Each application shall include a landscaping plan, for the uses described following below. (1) For development subject to site plan review, such plan shall meet the requirements set forth below as well as those required within Article VII, section 34-867. (2) For other applications, the landscaping plan shall consist of drawings, documents and information sufficient to allow the director to determine whether the following requirements are satisfied: a. Uses to be screened: Parking lots, loading areas, refuse areas, storage areas, detention ponds and mechanical equipment shall be screened from view from the adjacent EC street. B. Standards for screening: When required, screening shall consist of the following: (i) A planting strip of vegetation or trees, an opaque wall, an opaque fence or a combination of these. (ii) Where only vegetative screening is provided, such screening strip shall not be less than twenty (20) feet in depth and shall consist of a double staggered row of evergreen trees on fifteen-foot centers, a minimum of five (5) feet in height when planted, or a double staggered row of evergreen shrubs on five-foot centers, a minimum of twenty-four (24) inches in height when planted. Alternative methods of vegetative screening may be approved by the ERB or the director in connection with approval of a certificate of appropriateness. (iii) Where a fence or wall is provided for screening, it shall be a minimum of six (6) feet in height with planting required at ten-foot intervals along such structure. (3) Landscaping. All nonresidential uses, including parking lots and vehicular display areas, shall have all of the street frontage, exclusive of driveways and walkway connections, landscaped with trees and other varieties of plant material at least eighteen (18) inches in height at maturity. The tree varieties shall conform to those recommended in the city's list of approved plantings. All uses shall have the side and rear property edges defined with a fence, wall or curbed planting strip of trees and other plantings a minimum of twenty-four (24) inches in height at maturity. ? (9-15-03(3); 6-6-05(2); 7-16-12)

Charlottesville City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 34 ZONING ARTICLE III. RESIDENTIAL ZONING DISTRICTS DIVISION 4. STANDARDS FOR TOWNHOUSES. Sec. 34-390. Access. If access to a townhouse development is to be provided by means of a private street or access easement, the following minimum standards shall be observed: ? (5) Trees shall be planted along the frontage of the street/easement, at fifty (50) foot intervals (maximum). (9-15-03(3))

Chesapeake City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 70 SUBDIVISIONS ARTICLE VI. CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT SUBDIVISIONS Sec. 70-203. Existing resources and site analysis map. ? (c) Content. The existing resources and site analysis map shall conform with the following criteria: ? (5) Vegetative cover on the property, including cultivated land, permanent grassland, meadow, pasture, old field, hedgerow, woodlands, wetlands, trees with a caliper in excess of 15 inches, and the actual canopy line of existing trees and woodlands. Vegetative types shall be described by plant community, relative age, and condition. ? (Ord. No. 04-O-080, 5-18-04) Sec. 70-212. Conservation land design standards. (a) Prioritized list of resources to be conserved. The design of conservation land in any cluster development shall reflect the standards set forth in this article and section 6-2200 of the zoning ordinance. Designated conservation land shall incorporate the following resources if they occur on the parcel (listed in order of significance): ? (7) Hedgerows, groups of trees, and large individual trees of botanic, historical or aesthetic significance. ? ? (Ord. No. 04-O-080, 5-18-04)

Fairfax City City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 110 ZONING Article III. ZONING DISTRICTS AND REGULATIONS 3.7. OVERLAY DISTRICTS 3.7.2 Historic overlay district B. Old Town Fairfax Historic Overlay 7. Street trees The street tree requirements of 4.5.6.B shall not apply in the Old Town Fairfax Historic Overlay Dis. (10-1-16)

Fairfax City City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 110 ZONING Article III. ZONING DISTRICTS AND REGULATIONS 3.8. PLANNED DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS 3.8.7 Recreation and Open Space A. General 1. Recreation and open space is an integral part of planned developments (residential, commercial, industrial and mixed use). 2. Where recreation and open space is included in a planned development in addition to the individual lots, such lands must be in one or more parcels dedicated to or otherwise protected as permanent (active or passive) recreation and open space. 3. Any city-accepted parks, schools and other public land dedication made as part of a planned development will be counted towards complying with the requirements of 3.8.7. B. Configuration and use 1. The location, size, character and shape of required recreation and open space in a planned development district must be appropriate for its intended use. Recreation and open space land must be useable for recreational purposes. 2. No more than 50 percent of any area otherwise containing development challenges, such as the presence of the 100-year floodplain, open water, jurisdictional wetlands, a slope greater than or equal to 25 percent grade or geological hazards, may be considered to comply with the recreation and open space requirement. 3. The minimum width for any required recreation and open space shall be 50 feet. The zoning administrator may grant exceptions for items such as trail easements and midblock crossings, when their purpose meets the intent of 3.8.7. 4. At least 60 percent of the required recreation and open space shall be contiguous. For the purposes of 3.8.7, the term contiguous shall include any recreation and open space bisected by a local street, provided that: (a) A pedestrian crosswalk or underpass is constructed to provide safe and adequate access to the recreation and open space from both sides of the street; (b) The right-of-way area is not included in the minimum recreation and open space calculation; (c) The recreation and open space shall adjoin any neighboring recreation and open spaces, protected lands, and nonprotected natural lands that would be candidates for inclusion as part of future recreation and open spaces or protected lands; (d) Adopted city plans shall be taken into consideration when evaluating land use and development applications; (e) Where appropriate, the required recreation and open space shall be directly accessible to the largest practicable number of lots within the planned development. Non-adjoining lots shall be provided with safe, convenient access to the recreation and open space (i.e. mid-block connections in logical locations); (f) Access to the recreation and open space shall be provided either by an abutting street or easement. Any such easement shall be at least 30 feet wide for its entire length; (g) Trails may be developed in recreation and open space; and (h) At least 20 percent of the recreation and open space shall be improved in accordance with the options set forth below. The shape, topography and subsoil shall be appropriate to the improvements proposed. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE OPTIONS TOT LOT & PLAYGROUNDS (PRIVATE ONLY) Playgrounds provide play areas for children as well as open shelter and benches. Playgrounds may be built within squares, greens, mini-parks and neighborhood parks or may stand alone within a residential block. Playgrounds shall be designed with commercial grade play equipment and may include picnic units and shelters. Minimum requirements include two park benches and one trash receptacle and one trash recycling receptacle. Must have a shock-absorbing surface with a maximum two percent slope. Playgrounds must meet all federal, state and local regulations and be compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act. MINI-PARK (PRIVATE ONLY) Mini-Parks provide active recreational facilities for the use by the residents of the immediate neighborhood within the development. Size is from 2,500 sq. ft. to one acre. May include: tennis courts, basketball courts, playgrounds and seating accommodations. Each mini-park shall be centrally located and easily accessible so that it can be conveniently and safely reached and used by those persons in the surrounding neighborhood it is designed to serve. Rear facing lots are allowed. Mini-parks shall be attractively landscaped and be provided with sufficient natural or man-made screening or transitional yard areas to minimize any negative impacts upon adjacent residences. PLAZA Plazas are for passive recreation use adjacent to a civic or commercial building. Plazas are paved in brick or another type of impervious surface. Plazas shall be level, stepped or gently sloping. At no time shall a plaza?s horizontal length or width be greater than three times the height of surrounding buildings. Size may range from 2,000 to 30,000 sq. ft. SQUARES Squares are formal areas for passive recreation use bounded by roads or front facing lots. Squares shall be bounded by roads on a minimum of three sides or 75 percent of their perimeter and may be bounded by front facing lots on one side or 25 percent of their perimeter. No rear facing lots allowed adjacent to a square. Trees plantings are encouraged parallel to the street. Geometrical tree planting layouts for internal plantings are encouraged. Size may range from 500 sq. ft. to one acre. GREEN Greens are informal areas for passive use bounded by roads or front facing lots. A green shall be bounded by roads on a minimum of three sides or 75 percent of their perimeter and may be bounded by front facing lots on one side or 25 percent of their perimeter. No rear facing lots are allowed adjacent to a Green. Tree plantings can be informal and the topography irregular. Greens may be used to preserve specimen trees. Size may range from 500 sq. ft. to one acre. CLUBHOUSE/POOL AMENITY AREA Clubhouse/pool areas can be found in a neighborhood park, mini-park or alone as an amenity area for the residents of a developed community. Clubhouse/pool areas can include: swimming pools, group activity room, gazebos, outdoor dining and service areas, and exercise stations. Pools should be a minimum size of 1,000 sq. ft. Clubhouses and swimming pools must meet all applicable building and health codes for the city and the Commonwealth of Virginia. NEIGHBORHOOD PARK Neighborhood parks are designed for active or passive recreation use. Size may range from one to five acres, however park size can exceed five acres if the neighborhood park creates an open space that services an entire neighborhood or a group of neighborhoods; or incorporates physical features that are an asset to the community. Neighborhood parks shall be accessible via residential streets. Front facing lots are encouraged around the perimeter. Neighborhood parks shall include benches and walking paths. Neighborhood Parks may include but are not limited to: tennis courts, racquetball courts, basketball courts, volleyball courts, ball fields, swings, slides, playgrounds, dog parks, community gardens, restrooms, picnic units, shelters and parking lots GREENWAY Greenways typically follow natural or constructed features such as streams or roads and are designed to incorporate natural settings such as creeks and significant stands of trees within neighborhoods, and are used for transportation, recreation, and environmental protection. Greenways differ from parks; plazas and squares in that their detailing is natural (i.e. informally planted) except along rights-of-way, and may contain irregular topography. Design of the greenway should incorporate conservation of existing mature tree canopy and landscape, protection of existing natural drainage ways and creeks. Improvements shall include paved walks/trails and benches, and trash and trash recycling receptacles. C. Permitted uses of recreation and open space Uses of recreation and open space may include the following: 1. Conservation areas for natural, archeological or historical resources; 2. Meadows, woodlands, wetlands, wildlife corridors, game preserves, or similar conservation-oriented areas; 3. Pedestrian or multipurpose trails; 4. Passive recreation areas; 5. Active recreation areas, provided that impervious surfaces are limited to no more than 50 percent of the total recreation and open space; 6. Above-ground utility rights-of-way, provided the area does not exceed 50 percent of the required recreation and open space; 7. Agriculture uses, provided that all applicable best management practices are used to minimize environmental impacts; 8. Landscaped stormwater management facilities; 9. Easements for drainage, access, and underground utility lines; and 10. Other conservation-oriented uses compatible with the purposes of this chapter. D. Prohibited uses of recreation and open space Recreation and open space shall not include roads (except for road crossings as expressly provided above) and parking lots. E. Ownership and management of recreation and open space 1. Ownership Recreation and open space shall be accepted and owned by one of the following entities: (a) City of Fairfax For those areas that will be owned by the city and available for use by the public, the responsibility for maintaining the recreation and open space, and any facilities in those areas shall be borne by the city, subject to city council approval. (b) Land conservancy or land trust For those areas subject to a land conservancy or land trust, the responsibility for maintaining the recreation and open space and any facilities in those areas shall be borne by a land conservancy or land trust recognized by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. (c) Common interest community association or similar entity For those areas that will be covered by the covenants of a common interest community association or similar entity, the responsibility for maintaining the recreation and open space, and any facilities in those areas shall be borne by a common interest community association or similar entity in accordance with the requirements of 4.13. (d) Landowner For those areas not covered by any of the entities described in paragraphs (a), (b), or (c), the responsibility for maintaining the recreation and open space and any facilities in those areas shall be borne by the landowner. 2. Management Applicants shall submit as part of the proposed master development plan and record, upon approval of that master development plan, a plan for the management of recreation and open space and other common facilities that: (a) Allocates responsibility and guidelines for the maintenance and operation of the recreation and open space, and any facilities located thereon, including provisions for ongoing maintenance and for long-term capital improvements; (b) Estimates the costs and staffing requirements needed for maintenance and operation of, and insurance for, the recreation and open space and outlines the means by which such funding will be obtained or provided; (c) Provides that any changes to the plan for the management of recreation and open space and other common facilities be approved by the city council as an amendment to the master development plan; and (d) Provides for enforcement of the plan for the management of recreation and open space and other common facilities. 3. Maintenance (a) Passive recreation and open space maintenance is limited to removal of litter, removal of dead tree and plant materials and brush, weeding, and mowing. (b) No specific maintenance is required for agricultural uses. (c) Active recreation and open space areas shall be accessible to all residents of the development. Maintenance is limited to ensuring that there exist no hazards, nuisances or unhealthy conditions. F. Legal instrument for permanent protection 1. All recreation and open space in planned development districts shall be protected in perpetuity by a binding legal instrument that is made a part of the master development plan and is recorded among the land records of Fairfax County. The instrument shall be one of the following: (a) A permanent conservation easement in favor of: (1) A land trust or similar conservation-oriented nonprofit organization with legal authority to accept such easements. The organization shall be bona fide and in perpetual existence and the conveyance instruments shall contain an appropriate provision for re-transfer in the event the organization becomes unable to carry out its functions; (2) A governmental entity with an interest in pursuing goals compatible with the purposes of this chapter. If the entity accepting the easement is not the city, then a third party right of enforcement favoring the city shall be included in the master development plan and in the easement; or (3) Another person or entity that meets with the approval of the city council. (b) A permanent restrictive covenant for conservation purposes in favor of a governmental entity. (c) An equivalent legal tool that provides permanent protection, if approved by the city attorney. 2. The instrument for permanent protection shall include clear restrictions on the use of the recreation and open space. These restrictions shall include all restrictions contained in this chapter, as well as any further restrictions the applicant chooses to place on the use of the recreation and open space as may be approved by the city council when it approves the master development plan. G. Alternative compliance Upon the request of the applicant in the master development plan, the city council may approve alternatives to the recreation and open space requirements of 3.8 based upon exceptional design or recreational amenities. (10-1-16)

Fairfax City City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 110 ZONING Article IV. SITE DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS 4.5 LANDSCAPING 4.5.1 Purpose The purposes of 4.5 are to encourage the planting and proper care of vegetation and trees throughout the city, to replenish tree stock, and to provide for appropriate screening. These actions are intended to contribute to the health, safety and welfare of the city by enhancing pedestrian facilities, decreasing flooding, soil erosion, air pollution and noise, and improving aesthetics in accordance with the comprehensive plan and the requirements of the public facilities manual. The transitional yard requirements and the screening requirements are intended to improve compatibility of uses by providing privacy and enhancing the aesthetic transition between uses. 4.5.2 Applicability A. The landscaping regulations of 4.5 apply as set forth in the individual sections of these regulations. B. Unless specifically exempt, all existing and proposed development for which site plan approval is required (see 6.8) shall meet the provisions of 4.5. 4.5.3 Exemptions A. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the landscaping regulations of 4.5 do not apply to the expansion of individual single-family detached, single-family attached or duplexes dwellings. B. Driving lanes may traverse required landscaping in a perpendicular alignment to provide the necessary ingress and egress to the parking lots. 4.5.4 General A. What is to be landscaped All areas that are not impervious (see 1.5.7) shall be landscaped in accordance with the requirements of 4.5. B. Landscape plan required A landscape plan shall be submitted in conjunction with required site plans (see 6.8) in accordance with the requirements of 4.5. A landscape architect or other qualified professional shall prepare all landscape plans. 4.5.5 Transitional yards A. Applicability The transitional yard regulations of 4.5.5 apply along interior property lines in those instances identified in this chapter and only to the following activities: 1. The construction or installation of any new principal building or use; and 2. The expansion of any existing principal building or principal use that results in an increase in gross floor area or site area improvements by more than five percent or 1,000 square feet, whichever is greater. In the case of expansions that trigger compliance with transitional yard requirements, transitional yard landscaping is required only in proportion to the degree of expansion. The zoning administrator is authorized to allow the transitional yard to be established adjacent to the area of expansion or to disperse transition yard landscaping along the entire site transition area. B. Transitional yard defined A transitional yard is a specified land area, located parallel to and within the outer perimeter of a lot or project and extending to the lot line, together with fencing or walls on the lot line, and planting and landscaping required on the land. A transitional yard is not intended to be commensurate with the term "yard" or ?setback.? C. Transitional yard types There are three types of required transitional yards that may occur on any given parcel (for the specific width and plant material for each transitional yard classification see 4.5.5.D). 1. District boundary transitional yards The following table shall be used to determine the required transitional yard classification between adjacent districts. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT RL RM RH RT-6 RT RMF CL CO CR CU CG IL IH RL -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- RM -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- RH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- RT TY1 TY1 TY1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- RMF TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- CL TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- CO TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- CR TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY2 TY1 -- -- -- -- -- -- CU TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY2 TY2 TY1 -- -- -- -- CG TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY2 -- -- -- -- -- IL TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY3 TY3 TY2 TY2 TY1 -- -- IH TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY4 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY3 TY2 -- 2. Project boundary transitional yards Project boundary transitional yard requirements are established to mitigate the effect of planned developments on adjacent properties. The following shall be used to determine project boundary transitional yard requirements. (a) No transitional yard is required where the width of the project?s perimeter singlefamily detached residential lots is equal to or greater than the minimum lot width of the adjoining single-family detached development or the minimum lot width required by the respective single-family detached zoning district that applies to any adjoining undeveloped parcel. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (a) above or unless modified by the city council in the approval of a master development plan, the following boundary transitional yards shall be provided along project boundaries in accordance with 4.5.5.D: (1) PD-R: TY2 transitional yards (2) PD-M: TY3 transitional yards (3) PD-C: TY3 transitional yards (4) PD-I: TY4 transitional yards 3. Use boundary transitional yards (a) Where townhouse developments occur adjacent to single-family detached or duplex dwellings, TY1 transitional yards shall be provided in accordance with 4.5.5.D, below. (b) Where multifamily developments occur adjacent to single-family detached, duplex or townhouse dwellings, TY2 transitional yards shall be provided in accordance with 4.5.5.D, below. (c) Where commercial developments occur adjacent to single-family attached, singlefamily detached, duplex, townhouse, or multifamily dwellings, TY3 transitional yards shall be provided in accordance with 4.5.5.D, below. (d) Where industrial developments occur adjacent to single-family attached, singlefamily detached, duplex, townhouse, or multifamily dwellings, TY4 transitional yards shall be provided in accordance with 4.5.5.D, below. D. Transitional yard classifications Four transitional yard classifications are established in recognition of the different contexts that may exist. They are as follows: SPECIFICATIONS TY1 TY2 TY3 TY4 Minimum Transitional Yard Width [1] (feet) 7.5 10 15 30 Minimum Fence or Wall Height (feet) on Lot Line [2] 6 6 6 6 Minimum Trees (per 100 feet) Canopy NA 3 4 4 Understory 4 3 4 5 Minimum Shrubs (per 100 feet) NA NA 4 5 [1] Yard widths calculated on the basis of average per 100 feet, provided that the yard width at any point may not be less than 50 percent of the minimums stated in the table. Required zoning district setbacks may be counted toward satisfying transitional yard widths. [2] On or adjacent to the lot line. Additional understory trees or shrubs may be substituted for required fence or wall via alternative compliance (4.5.10). E. Location of transitional yards Transitional yards shall be located within the outer perimeter of a lot or parcel, parallel to and extending to the lot or parcel boundary line. Transitional yards shall not be located on any portion of an existing, dedicated or reserved public or private street or right-of-way. F. Ownership of transitional yards Transitional yards may remain in the ownership of the original applicant; they may be subjected to deed restrictions and subsequently be freely conveyed; or they may be transferred to any consenting grantees, such as the city, a land conservancy or land trust, or common interest community association (see 4.13). Any such conveyance shall guarantee the protection and maintenance of the transitional yard in accordance with the provisions of 4.5. G. Landscape materials and design Landscape materials used to satisfy the transitional yard requirements of 4.5.5 are subject to the regulations of 4.5.9. 4.5.6 Tree requirements A. Tree canopy The following 10-year minimum tree canopy requirements shall apply in the respective districts: (figure) B. Street trees In all general districts except the RL, RM, RH and CU districts, a minimum ten foot wide landscaped strip shall be provided along all streets. Street trees shall be required along all streets at the rate of one canopy tree for every 40 linear feet and spaced a maximum of 50 feet part. 1. All street trees shall be planted no less than three feet or more than 15 feet from the back of the curb or edge of pavement. 2. No tree shall be planted within a safe sight triangle (4.3.4) or closer than 10 feet from any fire hydrant. C. Landscape materials and design Landscape material used to satisfy the tree requirements of 4.5.6 are subject to the regulations of 4.5.9. 4.5.7 Parking lot landscaping A. Applicability 1. 4.5.7 applies to: (a) New on-site surface parking lots with more than 10 spaces; and (b) The expansion of any existing surface parking lot if the expansion results in 10 or more new parking spaces, in which case the requirements of 4.5.7 apply only to the expanded area. 2. For purposes of 4.5.7, multiple platted lots contained on a single site plan and any separate parking lots connected with drive aisles are considered a single parking lot. B. Low impact development (LID) Low impact development (LID) techniques that capitalize on and are consistent with natural resources and processes will be incorporated in parking lot landscaping whenever practicable, including but not limited to: 1. Rain catchment and harvesting for on-site irrigation purposes; and 2. Rain gardens (shallow depressions or swales) that slow storm runoff and reduce the impact of what is found in stormwater as it enters storm drainage control systems. C. Perimeter 1. The perimeter of all parking lots with frontage on any portion of a public right-of way shall be screened by a continuous landscaped hedge, a wall, or fence supported by masonry piers. Perimeter screening shall be at least 30 inches in height at the time of installation, and any planted screening shall reach a minimum height of 36 inches within two years of planting. 2. The perimeter of all parking lots adjacent to residentially zoned property shall provide a transitional yard TY3 (See 4.5.5). D. Interior 1. Interior islands An interior landscaped island shall be provided for every ten spaces. Each island shall contain a minimum of 200 square feet with a minimum width of eight feet inside the curb and include a minimum of one canopy tree; provided that, where an island includes a sidewalk, such islands shall contain a minimum of 400 square feet with a minimum of 15 feet inside the curb. Planting islands shall be evenly distributed throughout the parking lot; with no parking space located more than 50 feet from a planting island. Interior islands may be consolidated or intervals may be expanded in order to preserve existing trees, where approved by the zoning administrator. 2. Terminal islands All rows of spaces shall terminate in a curbed landscaped island. Each island shall conform to the specifications described in 4.5.7.D.1, above. 3. Median islands A median island with a minimum width of eight feet inside the curb shall be sited between every six single parking rows. Median intervals may be expanded in order to preserve existing trees, where approved by the zoning administrator. E. Parking structures 1. General Parking lot interior landscaping requirements shall not apply to parking structures. 2. Perimeter landscaping Structured parking above finished grade shall comply with building setback requirements. Landscaping for parking structures shall be provided in all yards pursuant to perimeter landscaping requirements for surface parking. However, where the location of such structure with respect to property boundary and adjacent structures will substantially inhibit the growth of the required trees, such trees may be located along another perimeter of the site in a manner approved by the zoning administrator. F. Curbs and vehicle barriers Landscaped areas in or abutting parking lots must be protected by concrete curbing, anchored wheel stops, or other durable barriers approved by the zoning administrator. Curbs protecting landscaped areas may be perforated, have gaps, or otherwise be designed to allow stormwater runoff to pass through them. G. Landscape materials and design Landscape material used to satisfy the parking lot landscaping requirements of 4.5.7 are subject to the regulations of 4.5.9. 4.5.8 Screening A. Features to be screened The following features must be screened from view of public rights-of-way, public open spaces and from lots used or zoned for residential purposes, as specified in 4.5.8. 1. Drive-through windows/facilities, subject to 4.5.8.B; 2. Ground-mounted mechanical equipment, subject to 4.5.8.C; 3. Outdoor storage of materials, supplies, vehicles and equipment, subject to 4.5.8.D; 4. Pick-up and drop-off containers and facilities, subject to 4.5.8.E; 5. Roof-mounted mechanical equipment, subject to 4.5.8.F; and 6. Trash receptacles and service areas, subject to 4.5.8.G. B. Drive-through windows/facilities Drive-through windows/facilities and lanes shall be subject to the following screening requirements: 1. Drive-through windows/facilities and lanes placed between the right-of-way and the associated building shall require landscape plantings installed and maintained along the entire length of the drive-through lane, located between the drive-through lane and the adjacent right-of-way. 2. Such screening shall be a compact evergreen hedge or other type of dense foliage. At the time of installation, such screening shall be at least 36 inches in height and shall reach a height of 48 inches within two years of planting. C. Ground-mounted mechanical equipment All ground-mounted mechanical equipment over 30 inches in height must be screened from view by a solid fence, solid wall, dense hedge, or combination of such features. The hedge, fence or wall must be tall enough to screen the equipment. D. Outdoor storage of materials, supplies, vehicles and equipment 1. On nonresidential lots, all stored materials, supplies, merchandise, vehicles, commercial vehicles, boats (or similar), trailers, recreational vehicles, equipment, or other similar materials that are not on display for direct sale, rental or lease to the ultimate consumer or user must be screened by landscaping or solid fencing or wall, with a minimum height of six feet at the time of installation. (See also 4.10) 2. On residential lots, all stored materials, supplies, equipment, or other similar materials, including any vehicles, trailers, commercial vehicles, boats (or similar), recreational vehicles, or similar vehicles kept on an unsurfaced area, shall be located in the side or rear yard, screened from the view from the street and first story of any neighboring dwelling to the extent possible by landscaping or solid fencing or wall, and the total area for such outdoor storage shall not occupy more than 25 percent of the side and rear yards combined. 3. On residential lots, one commercial vehicle of a weight less than 9,000 pounds, one commercial trailer, or one noncommercial vehicle of a weight more than 9,000 pounds but less than 15,000 pounds may be kept in accordance with the provisions of City Code, Section 98-147(c). Screening shall not be required provided the vehicle or trailer is kept on a surfaced area. 4. On residential lots, boats (or similar) on trailers and noncommercial trailers may be kept without screening, provided the trailer is kept on a surfaced area. 5. On residential lots, screening shall not be required for firewood, outdoor furniture, portable grills, or similar items accessory to the residential use or for storage of materials and equipment related to a construction project for which a valid building permit is in effect and where the materials and equipment are maintained in an orderly condition and do not constitute a hazard. E. Pick-up and drop-off containers and facilities Pick-up and drop-off containers and facilities shall be screened from the first story window(s) of any neighboring dwellings by a solid fence, solid wall, dense hedge, or combination of such features. The hedge, fence or wall must be tall enough to screen the equipment. F. Roof-mounted mechanical equipment 1. Roof-mounted mechanical equipment (e.g., air conditioning, heating, cooling, ventilation, exhaust and similar equipment, but not elevator shafts, solar panels, wind energy or similar renewable energy devices) over 30 inches in height must be screened from ground-level view at the property line in one of the following ways: (a) A parapet wall; (b) A solid screen, which shall be an integral part of the building?s architectural design; or (c) An equipment setback from roof edges that is at least three feet in depth for each one foot of equipment height. 2. Fire safety access shall be provided. G. Trash receptacles and service areas 1. Trash receptacles and service areas (e.g., recycling containers, grease barrels, medical waste bins) must be screened from view of streets and all abutting lots with a solid wall or opaque fence, with doors or gates, at least six feet in height. 2. Trash receptacles and service areas may be located in parking lot but shall not reduce applicable parking requirements. 3. Trash receptacles and service areas may not be located in the required front or side (street) yard. H. Landscape materials and design Landscape material used to satisfy the screening requirements of 4.5.8 are subject to the regulations of 4.5.9. 4.5.9 Landscape material and design A. Landscaping within required landscaped areas Required landscaped areas must be covered with biodegradable mulch and/or ground cover plants. B. Plant types There are three plant types referred to in this section, and all shall require the use of locallyadapted plants. They include canopy trees, understory trees and shrubs, defined as follows: 1. Canopy trees Large deciduous shade trees with a mature height of 30 feet or greater and a mature spread of 30 feet or greater, with a mature height of 20 feet or greater. 2. Understory trees (a) Small deciduous trees or large deciduous shrubs with a mature height of 10 to 30 feet, except under overhead utilities, where lower heights at maturity may be required; or (b) Trees or large shrubs at least 10 feet tall at maturity that usually have green foliage throughout all seasons of the year. 3. Shrubs Prostrate or upright woody plants, either evergreen or deciduous, with a mature height usually less than 10 feet. Evergreen shrubs usually have green foliage throughout all seasons of the year. C. Required fencing and walls Fencing and walls used for required screening and in transitional yards shall: 1. Be constructed of high quality materials, such as decorative blocks, brick, stone, treated wood, or composite wood-like material complementary to the principal structure; Chain-link fences and barbed wire or concertina wire shall not be utilized for screening purposes; 2. Breaks in the fence or wall may be provided for pedestrian connections to adjacent properties; and 3. The maximum length of a continuous, unbroken and uninterrupted fence or wall plane shall be 100 feet; visual relief shall be provided at intervals not exceeding 100 feet through the use of masonry columns at reasonable intervals. D. Existing trees and vegetation Existing non-invasive trees and shrubs count toward satisfying the landscaping regulations of 4.5 if they are located within the subject area and they comply with the plant height and size requirements of 4.5.9. 1. Tree management plan A tree management plan shall be required prior to the removal or destruction of existing trees that are at least five inches in diameter measured at breast height (DBH), including the following information, except as deemed necessary by the zoning administrator: (a) The location, size, condition and species of all trees which are at least five inches in diameter to be preserved or removed; (b) The location, size and species of all trees to be preserved or removed; (c) Specifications for the removal of trees and protection of trees during construction; (d) Proposed grade changes or other potentially injurious work adjacent to trees designated for preservation with specifications for maintaining ground drainage and aeration around such trees; (e) The location, size and species of all trees to be planted; and (f) Such other information that the zoning administrator deems essential. 2. Tree protection during construction (a) Existing trees specified on the landscape plan to remain on the site shall be protected from vehicular movement and material storage over their root spaces during construction. An undisturbed area with a porous surface shall be reserved around a tree, based on the drip line or as specified by an arborist or landscape architect. (b) A temporary tree protection fence shall be installed along the drip line. 3. Tree removal (a) Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire or other injury may be removed in accordance with this 4.5.9.D.3. Trees that are damaging or can be reasonably expected to damage buildings, streets, sidewalks or other infrastructure may be removed, subject to verification of site conditions by the zoning administrator. All other tree removal should be based on a consideration of the following: (1) The effect of the proposed tree removal upon the stabilization of soil, lakes, ponds, streams and rivers; (2) The intended use of the property and feasible alternatives which would preserve existing trees; (3) The existing topography, proposed changes in the topography and proposed landscaping; (4) The hardship imposed or the reasonable use denied to the applicant as a result of permit denial; (5) Historical value of the trees; (6) Good horticultural and forestry practices; (7) The effect of the proposed tree removal on the deadening and absorption of sound; (8) The likelihood that the proposed action will adversely affect the control of flooding or soil erosion; (9) The impact of such action on surrounding property or persons; and (10) The consistency of the proposed action with the purpose of 4.5.1. (b) Trees that are approved by the zoning administrator for removal shall be replaced with new trees or large shrubs on the same property and in the same general location. 4.5.10 Alternative compliance In order to encourage creativity in landscape and screening design and to allow for flexibility in addressing atypical, site-specific development/redevelopment challenges, the zoning administrator is authorized to approve alternative compliance landscape plans subject to the following findings: A. The approved administrative alternate meets the intent of the landscaping regulations; B. The approved administrative alternate complies with the comprehensive plan and adopted city plans; and C. The approved administrative alternate is considered equal to or better than the standard. (10-1-16)

Falls Church City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 35 STORMWATER ARTICLE I. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Sec. 35-10. Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas established. (a) Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. All land within the city is designated as a Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area, which is divided into resource protection areas and resource management areas. ? (f) Removal of vegetation in the resource protection area buffer area. Indigenous vegetation may be removed from the RPA buffer area only as permitted by the director to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices, including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows. All requests for vegetation removal shall be submitted in writing to the director for evaluation: (1) Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary subject to the written approval of the director to provide for sight lines and vistas; provided that, where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. (2) Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. (3) Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds (such as Johnson grass, kudzu, and multiflora rose) may be removed and thinning of trees may be allowed subject to the written approval of the director, pursuant to sound horticultural practice incorporated into locally adopted standards. (4) For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. ? (h) Re-establishment of buffer areas. The buffer area required in subsection (b)(2) of this section shall consist of vegetation that is effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. Where such vegetation is not sufficient to meet this purpose, it shall be established in accordance with this section. (1) Where buffer areas are to be established, they shall consist of a mixture of shade trees, understory trees, shrubs and groundcovers. Density of the buffer shall be as described in the Riparian Buffers Modification and Mitigation Guidance Manual Restoration and/or Establishment Tables. (2) Vegetation shall be chosen from the city recommended lists of trees and/or native floodplain species. Wetland plantings, including herbaceous plantings, and/or wetland seed mix shall be used where site conditions warrant. Plant materials and planting techniques shall be in accordance with the City of Falls Church Specifications for Planting. (3) Where invasive plant species are present, the director may require their removal as part of the re-establishment of the buffer area. (Ord. No. 1915, 3-24-2014; Ord. No. 1928, 9-8-2014)

Falls Church City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 48 ZONING ARTICLE III. DISTRICTS DIVISION 4. R-C, CLUSTER RESIDENCE DISTRICT Sec. 48-294. Intent. The R-C, cluster residence district shall be comprised generally of and designated for residence-cluster use on the adopted master plan. This district is created for the purposes of stabilizing and improving the residential character of the city and meeting the residential needs of the population. The cluster residence district is intended to provide for creativity in residential design in a manner that will be compatible with adjacent uses such as detached housing, apartments or commercial developments. The cluster residence district may serve as a transition between commercial and low density residential areas as well as serve as a housing alternative in its own right. Cluster residence developments shall be designed to maximize use of existing trees and to provide convenient parking and common open space for the use of the residents. (Code 1973, ? 81-35; Code 1982, ? 38-18(a); Ord. No. 586; Ord. No. 610; Ord. No. 866; Ord. No. 987, 11-9-1981; Ord. No. 1142, 6-23-1986; Ord. No. 1277, ? 2, 10-10-1989; Ord. No. 1766, 9-13-2004) Sec. 48-298. Conditions applying to permitted uses. ? (k) A landscaped strip of at least ten feet in width shall be provided along the side and rear boundaries of the development in accordance with the requirements of article V, division 8. Trees, shrubs, ground cover, a hedge and/or a wall may be required by the planning commission with the advice of the architectural advisory board and the city arborist. The objectives of the landscaping requirement in the R-C district shall be to provide an aesthetically pleasing visual transition from one residential property to another, buffering of lower density districts, buffering and screening of commercial uses, preservation of trees and addition of appropriate shade trees along the street right-of-way. A fenced or walled privacy yard shall not extend into a required landscaped strip. ? (Code 1973, ? 81-35; Code 1982, ? 38-18?; Ord. No. 586; Ord. No. 610; Ord. No. 866; Ord. No. 987, 11-9-1981; Ord. No. 1142, 6-23-1986; Ord. No. 1277, ? 2, 10-10-1989; Ord. No. 1766, 9-13-2004)

Falls Church City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 48 ZONING ARTICLE III. DISTRICTS DIVISION 5. R-TH, TOWNHOUSE RESIDENCE DISTRICT Sec. 48-331. Principal uses permitted by right. Townhouse dwellings in the R-TH, townhouse residence district shall be subject to the following criteria: ? (9) A common green area may be provided in lieu of a part of the minimum lot area, subject to the following provisions: ? c. A common green area may be utilized only for lawns, trees, planting areas, ornamental pools, similar landscaping uses and swimming pools. No part of the common green area may be utilized for automobile driveways or parking areas, for sidewalks, for paved play areas, for other similar paved areas, or for buildings of any type. D. Adequate measures, as certified in form and content by the city attorney, must be provided, through deed restrictions or other legally binding arrangements, that ownership of the common green area shall be vested in an association of all of the owners of the townhouses; that it shall remain as a common green area in perpetuity, with suitable restrictions upon its use; and that the necessary funds shall continue to be provided by the owners in perpetuity to cover suitable maintenance of the lawns, trees, shrubs, pools, etc. ? ? (Code 1982, ? 38-19(b); Ord. No. 1166, 11-24-1986; Ord. No. 1277, ? 3, 10-10-1989)

Falls Church City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 48 ZONING ARTICLE V. SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DIVISION 5. MIXED-USE REDEVELOPMENT (MUR) REGULATIONS Sec. 48-1080. - General requirements. ? (h) Landscaping and open space requirements. Section 48-940 does not apply to MUR applications. The remainder of division 2 of this article is applicable. (1) All MUR site plan applications must contain a landscaping plan. A minimum of 15 percent of the gross site area must be landscaped open space. The term "landscaped open space" is defined in section 48-2. This 15 percent may include up to five feet of landscaped perimeter setback areas. A five-foot landscaped open space area, as defined in section 48-2, must be included on all MUR application area perimeter streets as part of the 14- to 20-foot required perimeter setback. MUR application area perimeters that are not bounded by street frontage and abut properties outside of the MUR application area must comply with the site screening requirements of this section. Five percent of the interior of all surface parking facilities must be landscaped. The internal area of a parking facility is defined by the perimeter of the curbs or edge of paving. This five percent of interior surface parking areas may also be included within the 15 percent gross site area requirement. Structured parking facilities must include a minimum of two percent of landscaped area on the top decks, with the remaining three percent to be planted adjacent to the ground level of the parking structure. Rear townhouse yards cannot be applied to the 15 percent landscaped open space requirement. The following standards also apply to the 15 percent gross site area landscaped open space requirements: a. The five percent landscaping requirement for the interior of surface parking areas must be in the form of islands which must include a mixture of shade trees, shrubs, groundcover, and perennials to maximize shade potential and visual buffers. Each island must contain a minimum of one canopy tree and 150 square feet. B. Best management practices shall be employed in establishing stormwater management techniques, as described in the Falls Church Watershed Management Plan, section 4.0. c. The two percent landscaping requirement for the top decks of structured parking facilities should include three-foot perimeter planters at certain locations and corner planters with shade trees. The majority of the remaining three percent of landscaping adjacent to the ground level of the structure should be comprised of evergreen screening with the capacity to grow to a minimum of eight feet in height. D. Landscaping within the required perimeter setback area shall include street-type shade trees, measuring from two to 2? inches in caliper, planted at intervals of 30 to 40 feet. In addition, a combination of large shrubs, small shrubs, and groundcover (not to include turf grass) arranged formally or informally, that will cover the entire area at maturity, shall be required. Groundcover shall not comprise more than 15 percent of the site screen area. Large shrubs shall measure at least 30 inches in height at the time of planting and reach a minimum mature height of 3? feet. Small shrubs shall measure at least 18 inches in height at the time of planting and reach a maximum of 3? feet at maturity. Enough large shrubs must be planted to maintain a visual buffer the length of the setback area, if a MUR area perimeter is adjacent to an adjoining property and is not separated by a street, subsection (h)(2) of this section will govern the requirements for that section of the perimeter. E. All plant materials must be inspected by the city arborist prior to planting and shall meet the city's approved plant list and commercial site planting requirements. Installation may be spot checked by the city arborist. F. Landscaped open space shall be consolidated into useable areas when possible. (2) Site screening is required between adjoining uses and development not separated by a street at a MUR application area perimeter. All MUR site plan applications must adhere to the following site screening requirements to provide a visual buffer between adjoining uses. These requirements apply only to perimeter boundaries of any MUR application and not to district separations that are interior to a MUR application area. Site screening requirements vary depending on the intensity of both the district in which a use is proposed and its neighboring district. A. Site screening requirement A. A ten-foot wide landscaped planting strip shall include street-type shade trees, measuring from two to 2? inches in caliper, planted at intervals of 30 to 40 feet. In addition, a combination of large shrubs, small shrubs, and groundcover (not to include turf grass), arranged formally or informally, that will cover the entire area at maturity shall be required. Groundcover shall not comprise more than 15 percent of the site screen area. Large shrubs shall measure at least 30 inches in height at the time of planting and reach a minimum mature height of 3? feet. Small shrubs shall measure at least 18 inches in height at the time of planting and reach a maximum of 3? feet at maturity. Enough large shrubs must be planted to maintain a visual buffer the length of the site screen area. All species must be approved by the city arborist. B. Site screening requirement B. A ten-foot wide landscaped planting strip shall include street-type shade trees, measuring from two to 2? inches in caliper, planted at intervals of 30 to 40 feet. In addition, a combination of large shrubs, small shrubs, and groundcover (not to include turf grass), arranged formally or informally, that will cover the entire area at maturity shall be required. Groundcover shall not comprise more than 15 percent of the site screen area. Large shrubs shall measure at least 30 inches in height at the time of planting and reach a minimum mature height of 3? feet. Small shrubs shall measure at least 18 inches in height at the time of planting and reach a maximum of 3? feet at maturity. Enough large shrubs must be planted to maintain a visual buffer the length of the site screen area. In addition to this vegetation, a screening element of at least six feet in height must be created to consist of either a masonry wall, a combined three foot high earthen berm with the required landscaping located atop the berm, or a solid wood fence. All species must be approved by the city arborist. C. Site screening requirement C. 1. A seven-foot-wide landscaped planting strip shall include evergreen trees planted at intervals of six to ten feet, measuring a minimum of six feet in height at the time of planting and reaching a minimum height of 12 feet at maturity. In addition to this vegetation, a screening element of at least six feet in height must be created to consist of either a masonry wall or a solid wood fence. All species must be approved by the city arborist. 2. Requirements A, B, and C are standards for the size and site screening area and the density and type of landscaping/planting. The developer may substitute a higher site screening requirement, requirement C being higher than B, and B being higher than A. In certain situations, as designated in the table in this subsection, either site screening requirement B or C may be used. Existing trees and other vegetation may be used for site screening, if they are healthy and are approved as part of the landscaping plan by the city arborist. All site screening required by this section must be installed prior to the occupancy of the use. Where compliance with this regulation is not possible because of seasonal planting limitations, the city arborist shall grant an appropriate delay. ? The preexisting commercial structures within a MUR application area shall not be basis for receiving residential building permits prior to the footer inspections for all commercial structures shown on the approved site plan. (Code 1982, ? 38-34(a)(2); Ord. No. 1636, 3-8-1999; Ord. No. 1670, 3-13-2000; Ord. No. 1671, 4-10-2000)

Franklin ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
APPEDIX A. ZONING ORDINANCE [This Appendix D contains the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Franklin adopted on 4-11-1994. Except for nonsubstantive stylistic changes, these provisions are set out as enacted. Words appearing in brackets [ ] were added by the editor for clarity.] ARTICLE XXV. Landscaping Requirements Division 1. In General Sec. 25.1. Purpose and applicability. (a) In order to enhance the general appearance and design of developments which are of prime importance to the City of Franklin and its citizens, it is necessary to set forth standards for overall landscape design, preservation of existing vegetation and installation of new landscaping. It is purpose of this article: (1) To provide standards that, when adhered to, will enhance the appearance of developments, streets and sidewalks in the city, while allowing for individuality, creativity, and artistic expression in design; (2) To contribute to the preservation of wildlife habitat and to promote good air quality, groundwater recharge and energy conservation, while reducing noise, glare, and excessive heat; (3) To encourage and promote an appropriate balance between the built and the natural environment; (4) To preserve and improve property values (public and private) through preservation of open space, protection of existing vegetation, provision for buffers between incompatible uses and along roadways and encouragement of the planting of new vegetation where appropriate; (5) To preserve and enhance the ecological and aesthetic value of property by requiring the installation of tree canopy and other vegetation thereon; (6) To realize the economic and environmental value gained by the preservation of existing vegetation and undisturbed soils; (7) To promote water conservation through preservation of natural areas, encouragement of good soil management and encouragement of the use of native and/or drought tolerant plant materials; and (8) To preserve topsoil by minimizing slopes and to prevent an increase in stormwater runoff from sites subject to this article. (b) Application: The requirements of this article shall apply to all real property, public and private, located in the City of Franklin for which site plan approval is required pursuant to article XXIV of this ordinance except the following: (1) Renovation or repairs of an existing structure or building or additions thereto which result in an expansion of less than 50 percent of the square footage of the same. (2) Changes of use of structure or building in the same land use classification or to a lower classification. (3) Improved properties in the downtown service district as defined in chapter 27 of the City of Franklin Code. (4) One or two family dwellings.

Franklin ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
APPEDIX A. ZONING ORDINANCE [This Appendix D contains the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Franklin adopted on 4-11-1994. Except for nonsubstantive stylistic changes, these provisions are set out as enacted. Words appearing in brackets [ ] were added by the editor for clarity.] ARTICLE XXV. Landscaping Requirements Division 1. In General Sec. 25.2. General requirements and minimum standards. (a) Ten copies of landscaping plans shall be submitted for approval to the zoning administrator in conjunction with the submission of site plans pursuant to article XXIV of this ordinance. These plans may be developed by the applicant, a landscape architect, a civil engineer, a landscaping company or a landscape designer, and must meet the requirements of this article. (b) All existing uses adjacent to the site (but excluding properties across public streets) including the locations and sizes of street yards, buffer yards, vehicular use areas, display areas, service areas, loading areas and any residential densities shall be clearly indicated on the landscaping plan. (c) For vacant properties adjacent to the site, the highest classification of permitted use as set forth in ? 25.8 hereinbelow and allowed in the zoning district in which it is located shall be used to determine buffer widths and heights. (d) Existing natural healthy trees, which are to be preserved and used for credit toward satisfaction of the requirements of this Article, shall be clearly labeled on the landscaping plans and their species, height, and caliper at one foot above grade shall be indicated on the plans. All trees that are to be used for credit to meet the requirements of this article shall be at least 1 3/4 quarters to two inches in caliper at the stated height. Methods for protecting existing trees from damage during construction shall be shown on the landscaping plans. (e) It is the responsibility of the owner to maintain existing trees used for credit as set forth above and approved new plant materials alive and in good health. All newly installed plant materials shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z60.1-1996, American Standard for Nursery Stock, and any subsequent editions as may be adopted from time to time. Any dead or missing plant materials, which are part of the required landscaping for a site must be replaced within six months or, for good cause shown, such extended time as permitted by the zoning administrator, or his or her designee. Newly installed plant material shall be of locally adapted species and conform to the planting standards established herein. (f) Easements. Nothing except turf shall be planted on grade where there is an underground or overhead utility easement or drainage easement without the written consent of the City of Franklin or other easement holder at the time of site plan approval. (g) Site distance triangles. Notwithstanding the requirements of this division set forth above with respect to plantings, no plantings shall be installed that will impair the vision of motor vehicle operators at points where access driveways intersect public rights-of-way in keeping with the provisions for street intersections set forth in ? 2.8 of this ordinance. (h) Pruning of trees. Care should be taken that trees not be topped or excessively pruned. In the event that excessive pruning results in a tree or trees deviating from it or their natural pattern of growth, as determined by the zoning administrator, the owner has a duty to replace such tree(s). [Amended by Ord. No. 2004-22, 8-23-2004]

Fredericksburg City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 66. Streets, Sidewalks and Other Public Places ARTICLE V. Historic Areas and Resources DIVISION 2. Infrastructure Improvements on City Property in Historic District Sec. 66-193. Review standards; appeals. A. In considering proposals for infrastructure improvements within the Old and Historic Fredericksburg District, the City and public utility review committee shall consider the following factors: ? (2) The preservation of trees and other landscaping that provide visual uniformity to the streetscape; ? ? [Code 1991, ? 16-13]

Fredericksburg City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 72. Unified Development Ordinance [HISTORY: Adopted by the City Council of the City of Fredericksburg 10-8-2013 by Ord. No. 13-16; recodified 12-12-2013. Amendments noted where applicable.] Sec. 72-34.5. Chesapeake Bay Preservation Overlay District. ? H. Development standards in the CBPO. The following additional design standards shall be required and provided for in the site plan and shall apply to all development and redevelopment within the CBPO District: ? (2) Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the use and development permitted and in accordance with the current edition of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation as follows: (a) Trees over eight inches diameter at breast height shall be preserved outside the construction footprint, unless otherwise authorized by the Stormwater Administrator. Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury may be removed. [Amended 6-10-2014 by Ord. No. 14-25] (b) Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protective barriers shall be erected five feet outside of the dripline of any tree or stand of trees to be preserved. These protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barrier. (3) Land development shall minimize impervious cover to promote infiltration of stormwater into the ground, consistent with the use or development permitted. ? I. Resource protection area buffer requirements. ? (2) Vegetation removal. In order to maintain the functional value of buffer areas, indigenous vegetation may be removed, subject to approval by the Stormwater Administrator, to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices, including those designed to prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: [Amended 6-10-2014 by Ord. No. 14-25] (a) Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff; (b) Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion; (c) Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery may be removed; thinning of trees may be allowed in accordance with sound horticultural standards; (d) For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements; and (e) In IDAs, the Stormwater Administrator shall have the authority to require the establishment of vegetation within the one-hundred-foot-wide buffer area. Consideration shall be given to establishing vegetation in such areas over time in order to maximize water quality protection, pollutant removal, and water resource conservation. ? ? L. Site plan requirements in the CBPO. (1) General information. If any proposed development or redevelopment within the CBPO District exceeds 2,500 square feet of land disturbance, then the following additional information shall be submitted as all or part of the site plan required by this section: ? (b) A vegetation plan, certified by a design professional, meeting the following requirements: [1] The plan shall be drawn to scale and shall clearly set forth the location, size, and description of existing and proposed plant material and all existing trees on the site eight inches or greater in diameter at breast height. Where there are groups of trees, stands may be outlined instead. Trees eight inches or greater in diameter at breast height to be preserved outside of the construction footprint shall be indicated. Trees to be removed to create a desired construction footprint shall be clearly delineated; [2] The buffer area shall be clearly delineated, as well as any plant material to be added in order to establish or supplement such buffer area; [3] Within buffer areas, trees to be removed for sight lines, vistas, access paths, shoreline stabilization projects, or best management practices required by this division shall be shown. Vegetation required by this chapter to replace existing trees within the buffer area shall also be depicted; [4] The plan shall depict grade changes or other work adjacent to trees that would adversely affect them. Specifications shall be provided as to how grade, drainage, and aeration will be maintained around trees to be preserved; [5] The plan shall include specifications for the protection of existing trees during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction; ? ? (3) Water quality impact assessment contents. A major water quality impact assessment shall include the following information and elements: ? (d) Includes a vegetation survey that: [1] Identifies and delineates the location of all significant plant material on site, including all trees eight inches or greater in diameter at breast height or, where there are groups of trees, an outline of stands; [2] Describes the potential impacts of the proposed development or use on existing vegetation; [3] Describes the general limits of clearing; [4] Provides a clear delineation of trees to be removed; and [5] Describes the plant species to be disturbed or removed; ?

Hampton ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCE Chapter 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE II. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO MANY OR ALL ZONING DISTRICTS Sec. 1-18. Fence and wall regulations. (1) In any R, MD, or RT district, a fence, screen, or wall, or a hedge or thick growth of shrubs or trees may be located and maintained in required yards provided that the height of any such permitted feature not exceed six (6) feet in side or rear yards, and four (4) feet in front yards, or such lesser height as may be prescribed by law. This provision shall not be interpreted to prohibit the erection of an open-mesh type fence enclosing any school or playground site, or landscape features such as trees, shrubs, flowers, or plants, provided they do not produce a hedge effect contrary to the provisions of this section. The use of electrified fences is prohibited except as set forth in section 24-40 of the Hampton City Code. ? (3) A fence, screen, wall, hedge, or thick growth of shrubs or trees may be located in any zoning district on vacant property owned by the City of Hampton or a political subdivision of the commonwealth.

Hampton ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCE Chapter 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE II. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO MANY OR ALL ZONING DISTRICTS Sec. 1-30. - General green area requirements. (1) In development of property other than that zoned R-LL, RT-1, MD- 1, MD-2, MD-3, MD-4, PO-1, PO-2, DT-1, DT-2, DT-3, HRC-1, HRC-2, HRC-3, BB-1, BB-2, BB-3, BB-4, BB-5, O-CBP and O-CC, and all one-family, two-family and duplex dwellings, a minimum of ten (10) percent of the land area of the lot shall be designated as green area for trees, shrubs and turf. (2) The following criteria shall be met: (a) No accessory uses or structures except utilities and stormwater management facilities shall be located in a green area. (b) In any parking area, including drive aisles and drive-throughs regardless of size, a minimum ten (10) foot green area shall be provided immediately adjacent to any existing or future public right-of-way. (c) In any parking area containing thirty (30) or more spaces, seven (7) percent of the interior of the parking area shall be reserved and maintained as green area. Each green area within the parking area shall be no less than eight (8) feet wide and contain at least one hundred fifty (150) contiguous square feet of green area. This required green area may constitute no more than thirty-three (33) percent of the green area required within the parking area as well as counting toward the total green area requirement. (3) Development sites less than two (2) acres shall comply with the following: (a) On sites which front upon only one (1) public street, a minimum of seventy-five (75) percent of the required green shall be located within the front yard. (b) On sites which front upon two (2) public streets or proposed rights-of-way, a minimum of seventy-five (75) percent of the required green area shall be distributed within the yard areas adjacent to the existing or proposed public rights-of-way; no such area shall contain less than thirty (30) percent of the requirement, and no less than twenty (20) percent of the required green area shall be located in each yard fronting upon existing or proposed public rights-of-way. (4) Development sites of two (2) or more acres shall comply with the following: (a) On sites which front upon only one (1) public street, a minimum of fifty (50) percent of the required green area shall be located within the front yard. (b) On sites which front upon two (2) public streets or proposed rights-of-way, a minimum of fifty (50) percent of the required green area and landscaping shall be distributed within the yard areas adjacent to existing or proposed public rights-of-way; no such area shall contain less than twenty (20) percent of the requirement, and no less than ten (10) percent of the required green area shall be located in each yard fronting upon existing or proposed public rights-of-way. (5) Green areas located within any building shall not be credited toward meeting the total green area requirement. (6) Green areas interior to the perimeter of any structure that may serve as a court-yard may be credited toward meeting the total green area requirement. (7) Areas designated as green areas upon the approved site plan, or subdivision plat that are utilized for storage or the display of products shall be considered in violation of the city zoning ordinance. (8) Landscaping within green areas shall comply with the "City of Hampton Landscape Guidelines" or as otherwise proffered or conditioned pursuant to applicable provisions of the city zoning ordinance. Sec. 1-31. Major recreational equipment, parking and storage requirements. The parking or storage of major recreational equipment including, but not limited to, travel trailers, utility trailers, pickup campers or coaches, motorized dwellings, tent trailers, boats and boat trailers. Amphibious houseboats, or similar equipment normally used for recreational purposes shall be permitted as an accessory use in all residential districts, subject, however, to the following regulations and requirements. ? (4) Such major recreational equipment shall not be parked or stored in the front yard in any residential district, except that: ? (b) In the event such major recreational equipment cannot physically be placed within an enclosed garage, or cannot physically be placed in the side or rear yard of a residence without encroaching upon the lands of another, without violating the setback requirements for accessory buildings in the residential district, or without damage to structures or trees, then one (1) such major recreational equipment, or a combination thereof designed to be used and operated as one (1) unit, may be parked or stored on an improved driveway at a point furthermost from the public street right-of-way, not resulting in physical damage to structures or trees; ? Nothing contained in this section shall be cons1d to prohibit commercial trailers from loading and unloading in a residential district, or to prohibit the temporary use of a trailer, on site, by a contractor, while construction is in progress.

Hampton ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCE Chapter 8 SPECIAL DISTRICTS ARTICLE III. BUCKROE BAYFRONT DISTRICTS Sec. 8-32. HRC-1 District?Hampton Roads Center South. ? (7) Green areas. (a) A minimum of forty (40) percent of the land area of the lot shall be designated as green area for trees, shrubs and turf. (b) Minimum green area provided immediately adjacent to any existing or future public right-of-way shall be four (4) feet from front, twenty (20) feet from side and forty (40) feet from rear property lines. (c) Green areas within a parking area shall be no less than five (5) feet wide and contain at least sixty (60) square feet. No parking space shall be more than seventy (70) feet from a green area. Sec. 8-33. HRC-2 District?Hampton Roads Center North. ? (5) Green area. (a) A minimum of thirty (30) percent of the total lot area shall be dedicated to green area; however, if the property abuts a dedicated conservation area or stormwater management area that has a minimum dimension of at least fifty (50) feet, this green area requirement may be reduced to twenty-three (23) percent. (b) Improvements permitted in required green areas are: (i) Signs. (ii) Decorative walls and fences. (iii) Security gates, guard houses, walls and fences. (iv) Fountains and decorative ponds. (v) Stormwater control structures and facilities. (vi) Pedestrian walks and trails, fitness stations. (vii) Gazebos, plazas, and observation areas. (viii) Landscape irrigation systems, controllers, and backflow devices. (ix) Public art and park identification features. (x) Lighting. (xi) Underground utilities. ? The minimum green area depth requirements along public rights-of-way and other property lines are as follows: (i) Along Magruder Boulevard: Eighty (80) feet; (ii) Along Commander Shepard Boulevard: (aa) East of the intersection with the Virginia Power easement: Seventy-five (75) feet maintained as a landscape buffer; (bb) West of the intersection with the Virginia Dominion Power transmission line easement: A minimum of thirty (30) feet with an average of fifty (50) feet; (iii) Along North Campus Parkway, Floyd Thompson Boulevard and Institute Drive (as defined in the HRCNC Master Plan): A minimum of twenty (20) feet with an average of forty (40) feet; (iv) Along other existing or proposed public rights-of-way: Twenty (20) feet; (v) Along side and rear property lines not abutting an existing or proposed public right-of-way: (aa) If said property line abuts residentially zoned property: Thirty-five (35) feet maintained as an undisturbed buffer. (bb) In all other instances: Twenty (20) feet. (vi) Green area requirements in parking areas containing twenty (20) or more spaces are as follows: (aa) Ten (10) percent of the parking area (including drive aisles) shall be constructed and maintained as green area for the purpose of preserving existing and/or planting new trees and shrubs. (bb) Parking lot green areas shall be sized no less than ten (10) feet by eighteen (18) feet. (vii) All required green areas and buffers shall be landscaped in accordance with the "City of Hampton Landscape Guidelines". ? Sec. 8-34. HRC-3 District?Hampton Roads Center West. ? (8) Green areas. (a) A minimum of ten (10) percent of each lot and twenty (20) percent of the district area shall be retained as green space for trees, shrubs and turf. (b) The fifty (50) foot improvement setback along Big Bethel Road shall be retained as green space, which shall be counted toward the requirements of [subsection] (1) above. This green space shall be vegetated as set forth in the "City of Hampton Landscape Guidelines". (c) The twenty (20) foot improvement setbacks along North Park Lane and Interstate 64 shall be retained as green space, which shall be counted toward the requirements of [subsection] (1) above. This green space shall be vegetated as set forth in the "City of Hampton Landscape Guidelines". (d) All other required improvement setbacks shall be retained as green space, which shall be counted toward the requirements of subsection 8-34(8)(a) above. ? All improvement setbacks shall be planted in compliance with the "City of Hampton Landscape Guidelines". (f) At least ten (10) percent of any parking lot designed for thirty (30) or more cars shall be retained as green space; this shall count toward the requirements of subsection 8-34(8)(a) above. (g) No row of parking spaces shall exceed one hundred forty-four (144) feet in length without a green space island. Such islands shall be a minimum of twelve (12) feet wide. This green area shall be counted toward the requirements of subsection 8-34(8)(f) above. (h) Whenever two (2) rows of parking spaces abut, the required green space islands shall be a minimum of twenty-four (24) feet wide. (i) A green space strip at least ten (10) feet wide shall be provide between buildings and parking areas except at plazas, points of entry to the building, and loading dock areas; this shall count toward the requirements in subsection 8-34(8)(a) above. ?

Hampton ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCE Chapter 9 OVERLAY DISTRICTS ARTICLE II. O-CBP DISTRICT?CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION OVERLAY Sec. 9-14. Regulations for development and redevelopment. (1) Permitted uses include all uses permitted in the underlying zone. (2) Restrictions on permitted uses: (a) General performance criteria for development and redevelopment within resource management areas, resource protection areas and intensely developed areas: (i) Land disturbance shall be limited to the area necessary to provide for the proposed use or development. In accordance with an approved site plan, the limits of land disturbance, including clearing or grading, shall be clearly shown on submitted plans and physically marked on the development site. (ii) Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the proposed use or development, and in accordance with the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. (aa) Existing healthy trees exhibiting a minimum trunk diameter of six (6) inches, measured four and one-half (4?) feet from the ground, shall be preserved outside the limits of clearing. (bb) Clearing shall be allowed only to provide a building site, necessary parking, necessary access, positive site drainage, stormwater BMPs, and the installation of utilities, as approved by the zoning administrator or the director of public works, as appropriate. (cc) Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protection measures for undisturbed areas, as outlined in chapters 13.1 and 33.1 of the city code and the "City of Hampton Landscape Guidelines" shall be followed. ? (b) Other restrictions applicable to the RPA (RPA Regulations): ? (iii) Buffer area requirements for RPAs: (gg) In order to maintain the functional value of the buffer area, indigenous vegetation may be removed, subject to approval of the zoning administrator, only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: 1. Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that if removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering non-point source pollution from runoff. 2. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. 3. Dead, diseased or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds (such as Johnson grass, kudzu and muitiflora rose) may be removed and thinning of trees allowed as permitted by the zoning administrator or his designee pursuant to sound horticultural practices. 4. For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. ? ? (Ord. No. Z15-15, 8-12-2015)

Harrisonburg City Code View whole ordinance
Title 10 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 3. ZONING ARTICLE J.2. R-3 MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT This article will be effective August 14, 2010. To develop under the previous R-3, Multiple Dwelling Residential District, Comprehensive Site Plans must be approved before August 14, 2010. (Ord. of 8-14-07) Sec. 10-3-48.6. Other regulations. ? (b) Off-street parking regulations for all buildings and uses permitted in this district are governed by article G. When an off-street parking lot containing five (5) or more spaces is to be constructed within an established single family detached or duplex neighborhood, such parking lot(s) shall not be located between principal buildings and a public street, unless the parcel has multiple public street frontages, and shall be screened from the public street(s) by principal buildings or by landscaping or walls. When an off-street parking garage containing five (5) or more spaces is to be constructed within an established single family detached or duplex neighborhood, such parking garage shall be located to the rear or side of principal buildings and screened from the public street(s) by principal buildings or by landscaping or walls. The parking garage cannot be located between principal buildings and public streets. Where such parking lots/garages abut single-family detached or duplex lots, they shall be screened from such lots by landscaping, fences, or walls. An adequate screen shall be a minimum five-foot wide buffer area containing the following: - Screen Abutting Street: 4-foot high masonry wall or Evergreen hedge of 4-foot high (ultimate height) shrubs or trees planted a minimum of 5 feet on center so as to form a dense screen - Screen Abutting Adjacent Lot: 6-foot high masonry wall or solid wood fence or Evergreen hedge of 6-foot high (ultimate height) shrubs or trees planted a minimum of 5 feet on center so as to form a dense screen An established single-family detached or duplex neighborhood is defined as one (1) meeting at least one (1) of the following conditions: (1) A single-family house or duplex is located on at least one (1) side, not rear, of the lot containing the parking lot/garage, or (2) At least fifty (50) percent of the lots along both sides of the street within the same block as the parking lot/garage are occupied by single-family houses or duplexes. (c) More than one (1) principal building may be constructed upon an unsubdivided parcel of land as density allows. The open space between each building as measured at the closest point between building walls shall not be less than thirty (30) feet. The minimum separation between buildings may be superseded by building regulations. The front fa?ade of each principal building shall face a dedicated public street or the limits of a private parking unit (as defined) and no building shall have the rear fa?ade facing a dedicated public street, unless the parcel has multiple public street frontages where rear fa?ades may front one (1) public street. (d) Proposed building projects as permitted in this district, which rely on private refuse collection, shall provide a designated point of collection with appropriate facilities. Said facilities shall be screened and shall meet the requirements for accessory buildings per section 10-3-114. ? (Ord. of 8-14-07; Ord. of 3-22-11(2); Ord. of 1-14-14(5))

Harrisonburg City Code View whole ordinance
Title 10 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 3. ZONING ARTICLE M. MH-1 MANUFACTURED HOME PARK DISTRICT Sec. 10-3-64. Area and dimensional regulations. (1) The manufactured home park shall be surrounded by a landscaped or wooded strip of open space at least fifty (50) feet wide along all street or road frontage and along all other exterior boundary lines. This space shall be in addition to space required for each manufactured home site and shall not be used for other park facilities, recreation area or accessory storage structures or parking areas. The site plan shall include a landscape plan for this open space indicating planting of shade trees and lower plant materials for open portions of the space and a plan for tree maintenance in wooded portions. Continued maintenance of the open area and its planting shall be the responsibility of the owner or operator of the park. ? (4) Each manufactured home site shall provide at least two (2) shade trees and provide an appropriate outdoor living space to supplement limited interior space of a manufactured home. The minimum size of each space shall be two hundred fifty (250) square feet. Every such space shall be convenient to the entrance of the manufactured home, appropriately related to open areas of the lot and other facilities off the lot, and adapted to terrain and natural features and to anticipated manufactured home models. ? (Ord. of 4-23-96; Ord. of 11-25-08(2))

Harrisonburg City Code View whole ordinance
Title 10 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 3. ZONING ARTICLE N. - MH-2 MANUFACTURED HOME SUBDIVISION DISTRICT Sec. 10-3-72. Area and dimensional regulations. (1) The manufactured home subdivision shall be surrounded by a landscaped or wooded strip of open space at least fifty (50) feet wide along all street or road frontage and along all other exterior boundary lines. This space shall be in addition to minimum area required for each manufactured home lot and shall not be used for other facilities, recreation area or accessory storage structures or parking areas, but may be included as extra depth for individual lots if appropriately restricted by easement. The subdivision plan shall include a landscape plan for this open space indicating planting of shade trees and lower plant materials for open portions of the space and a plan for tree maintenance in wooded portions. Continued maintenance of the open area and its planting shall be the responsibility of the homeowner's association or lot owners as the case may require. ? (Ord. of 4-23-96; Ord. of 11-25-08(2))

Harrisonburg City Code View whole ordinance
Title 10 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 3. ZONING ARTICLE Q. B-2 GENERAL BUSINESS DISTRICT Sec. 10-3-91.1. Special use criteria for adult businesses. ? (b) In reviewing the application, the planning commission and city council may consider the following factors as well as other appropriate land use considerations: ? (5) The preservation of cultural and historical landmarks and trees; ? ? (Ord. of 6-14-05)

Lexington City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 420. Zoning [HISTORY: Adopted by the City Council of the City of Lexington 12-16-1976 (Ch. 28 of the 1970 Code). Amendments noted where applicable.] Article XI. Commercial District (Shopping Centers) C-2 [Added by Ord. No. 02-7] Sec. 420-99. Shopping centers. ? C. Any part of the project area not used for buildings or other structures, parking, loading and accessways shall be landscaped with grass, trees, shrubs or pedestrian walks. ?

Lexington City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 420. Zoning [HISTORY: Adopted by the City Council of the City of Lexington 12-16-1976 (Ch. 28 of the 1970 Code). Amendments noted where applicable.] Article XV. Entrance Corridor Overlay District EC [Added by Ord. No. 98-12] Sec. 420-141. Design standards. All applications for certificates of appropriateness must satisfy the design standards contained in this section. A. Landscaping. (1) Landscaping shall be used to soften the visual impact of development and enhance the appearance of the area. (2) Landscaping shall be sufficient to soften the visual effects of parking lots, reduce the effective visual mass of large buildings and provide screening between development, the street and surrounding lots. (3) Landscape buffers shall be provided adjacent to public streets of sufficient size to permit street trees and plantings to be installed to reduce the visibility into parking lots. (4) Landscaping shall be compatible with landscaping on adjacent properties. ?

Manassas City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 130 ZONING ARTICLE VI. PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS Sec. 130-206. Construction, location and arrangement of parking and loading spaces. ? (f) All loading spaces required by this chapter shall be located so as to facilitate the moving of goods directly from trucks or delivery vehicles to the main building or storage facility. All required loading spaces shall conform not regulated by a special use permit, to protect and preserve open yard areas, trees, and grass, and to minimize the impact of storm water to the design standards set forth in the city DCSM. ? (h) In the R-1, R-2 and R-2-S districts for any use not regulated by a special use permit, to protect and preserve open yard area, trees, and grass, and to minimize the impact of storm water runoff and erosion, the cumulative total of designed parking spaces, driveways and paved areas shall not exceed the total square footage as based on the following provisions. ? (5) Waiver provisions. When in the course of improving a lot, the allowable paved surface cannot be created as authorized in subsection (h)(1) a., b., or c. above, due to topography, building location, easements, specimen trees or other physical conditions beyond the control of the homeowner, or a driveway or parking space can not be placed in one of the yards as otherwise permitted, the property owner may submit a request for a waiver of subsection (h)(1)a., b. or c. above, provided that at no time shall the total area devoted to parking spaces driveways and paved areas exceed 20 percent of the total lot coverage. Prior to issuance of the waiver, the owner of the property shall submit a request on a form provided by the zoning administrator with a plan identifying the area and location of the proposed paved area, specific topographic information or other information as necessary to support the request for a waiver. The zoning administrator shall determine the degree of the impediment and impact of the paved areas on the character of the surrounding area. In the deliberation the zoning administrator shall take into consideration the standards for driveway construction and tree preservation as found in the DCSM, the percentage of paved yard area proposed and issues a waiver when appropriate. The decision of the zoning administrator may be appealed to the board of zoning appeals in accordance with section 130-660. ? (Code 1978, ? 34.1-80.1; Ord. No. O-2002-22, ? 34.1-80.1, 2-11-2002; Ord. No. O-2003-42, ? 1, 7-14-2003; Ord. No. O-2004-36, ? 1, 2-23-2004; Ord. No. O-2005-37, ? 1, 6-20-2005; Ord. No. O-2012-12, ? 1, 4-9-2012)

Manassas City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 130 ZONING ARTICLE VII. TREE CANOPY REQUIREMENTS Sec. 130-218. - Minimum canopy/cover requirements. Minimum canopy/cover requirements shall be of follows: - A-1, R-1, R-2, R-2S, R-3, R-4 R-6, single-family & duplex, R-7, with 3.5 density: 20% - R-5, R-6, quadraplex developments, R-7, with density waivers of 10 + units per ac.: 15% - B-1, B-2, B-4, I-1, I-2, R-6, apartments/condos, 20 units per acre and above: 10% - B-3: None (Ord. No. O-2000-18, ? 34.1-123, 3-27-2000; Ord. No. O-2004-32, ? 1, 3-22-2004) Sec. 130-219. Redevelopment of nonconforming properties. In the redevelopment of nonconforming properties 20,000 square feet or larger which include a building, the zoning administrator may reduce the parking required in section 130-201 in order to accommodate the required tree canopy. This may be done at the ratio of one parking space for every 250 square feet of required canopy. However, the parking shall not be reduced by more than ten percent of the total required. (Ord. No. O-2000-18, ? 34.1-124, 3-27-2000; Ord. No. O-2003-9, ? 34.1-124, 12-9-2002)

Manassas City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 130 ZONING ARTICLE VIII. ZONING DISTRICTS DIVISION 2. RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS ARTICLE VIII. ZONING DISTRICTS DIVISION 2. RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS Sec. 130-265. R-3 townhouses. ? (i) Minimum tree canopy requirements: (1) See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. (2) The required tree canopy shall be provided based on the total area of the original parcel prior to subdivision or construction of any dwelling units. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-266. R-4 residential manufactured home parks. ? (i) Minimum tree canopy requirements: (1) See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. (2) The required tree canopy shall be provided based on the total area of the original parcel prior to subdivision or construction of any dwelling units. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-267. R-5 multifamily. ? (i) Minimum tree canopy requirements: (1) See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. (2) The required tree canopy shall be provided based on the total area of the original parcel prior to subdivision or construction of any dwelling units.. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-268. R-6 age-restricted residential. ? (d) Development guidelines: ? (9) For tree canopy requirements, see Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-269. R-7 planned residential. ? (d) Development guidelines: ? (13) A tree canopy or cover shall be planted over a minimum of 20 percent of the total area of the original parcel prior to subdivision or construction of any dwelling units. The area of any permanent pond or lake may be subtracted from the total land area for tree canopy purposes. ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) ? (i) Minimum tree canopy requirements: (1) See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. (2) The required tree canopy shall be provided based on the total area of the original parcel prior to subdivision or construction of any dwelling units.. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-268. R-6 age-restricted residential. ? (d) Development guidelines: ? (9) For tree canopy requirements, see Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-269. R-7 planned residential. ? (d) Development guidelines: ? (13) A tree canopy or cover shall be planted over a minimum of 20 percent of the total area of the original parcel prior to subdivision or construction of any dwelling units. The area of any permanent pond or lake may be subtracted from the total land area for tree canopy purposes. ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) DIVISION 3. NON-RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED USE DISTRICTS Sec. 130-301. B-1 business office. ? (f) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-302. B-2 neighborhood commercial. ? (f) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-303. B-3 city center commercial (Old Town district). ? (f) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-304. B-3.5 city center planned. ? (g) Tree canopy. See Article VII of this chapter. ? (p) Design guidelines. Design guidelines shall be submitted with any request for a rezoning or special use permit. The following elements shall be contained in the design guidelines in both narrative and graphic form unless waived by the city. Once adopted through approved proffers or conditions, development shall proceed only in accordance with the design guidelines: ? (5) Landscaping: a. Landscaping within building and structure setback areas and internal gardens used to meet the requirements of section 130-304(f) and section 130-304(h) are to be included. B. On-site specimen trees are to be identified and their preservation incorporated into the overall design of the project. Any specimen tree thus preserved shall have an easement placed on it in accordance with section 122-52 of the City Code for tree preservation purposes. Maintenance by the property owner shall be properly identified within the design guidelines. ? ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-305. B-4 general commercial. ? (g) Tree canopy. See Article VII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-306. I-1 light industrial. ? (g) Tree canopy. See Article VII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-307. I-2 heavy industrial. ? (g) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-308. PMD planned mixed use development. ? ? Development standards and guidelines: ? (9) A tree canopy or cover shall be planted over a minimum of 15 percent of the total area of the original parcel. The area of any permanent pond or lake may be subtracted from the total land area for tree canopy purposes. ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015)

Manassas City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 130 ZONING ARTICLE VIII. ZONING DISTRICTS DIVISION 3. NON-RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED USE DISTRICTS Sec. 130-301. B-1 business office. ? (f) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-302. B-2 neighborhood commercial. ? (f) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-303. B-3 city center commercial (Old Town district). ? (f) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-305. B-4 general commercial. ? (g) Tree canopy. See Article VII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-306. I-1 light industrial. ? (g) Tree canopy. See Article VII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-307. I-2 heavy industrial. ? (g) Open space and tree canopy requirements. See Article VII and Article XIII of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015) Sec. 130-308. PMD planned mixed use development. ? (e) Development standards and guidelines: ? (9) A tree canopy or cover shall be planted over a minimum of 15 percent of the total area of the original parcel. The area of any permanent pond or lake may be subtracted from the total land area for tree canopy purposes. ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015)

Manassas City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 130 ZONING ARTICLE VIII. ZONING DISTRICTS DIVISION 3. NON-RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED USE DISTRICTS Sec. 130-304. B-3.5 city center planned. ? (g) Tree canopy. See Article VII of this chapter. ? (p) Design guidelines. Design guidelines shall be submitted with any request for a rezoning or special use permit. The following elements shall be contained in the design guidelines in both narrative and graphic form unless waived by the city. Once adopted through approved proffers or conditions, development shall proceed only in accordance with the design guidelines: ? (5) Landscaping: a. Landscaping within building and structure setback areas and internal gardens used to meet the requirements of section 130-304(f) and section 130-304(h) are to be included. b. On-site specimen trees are to be identified and their preservation incorporated into the overall design of the project. Any specimen tree thus preserved shall have an easement placed on it in accordance with section 122-52 of the City Code for tree preservation purposes. Maintenance by the property owner shall be properly identified within the design guidelines. ? ? ? (Ord. No. O-2015-15, ? 1, 5-11-2015)

Manassas City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 130 ZONING ARTICLE XI. TEXT AMENDMENTS, REZONING AND PUBLIC HEARING REQUIREMENTS Sec. 130-693. Generalized development plans (GDP). Generalized development plans (GDP), as required by section 130-692(5), shall include the following: (4) A landscape plan indicating the general location and type of significant or specimen trees located within the limits of the planned development area. (Code 1978, ? 34.1-183; Ord. No. O-2002-22, ? 34.1-183, 2-11-2002) State Law reference? Plan of development, Code of Virginia, ? 15.2-2286(A)(8).

Martinsville ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
APPENDIX B ZONING ORDINANCE SECTION XII: COMMERCIAL DISTRICTS C. Uses permitted by special use permit in the C-1 District. ? 6. Adult bookstore, subject to following conditions: ? f. The preservation of cultural and historical landmarks and trees; ? ? (Amend. Of 4-24-2012) G. Uses permitted by special use permit in the C-1A District. ? 6. Adult bookstore, subject to following conditions: ? f. The preservation of cultural and historical landmarks and trees; ? ? (Amend. Of 4-24-2012) O. Uses permitted by special use permit in the C-3 District. ? 6. Adult bookstore, subject to following conditions: ? f. The preservation of cultural and historical landmarks and trees; ? ? (Amend. Of 4-24-2012) SECTION XIII: BUSINESS AND MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS G. Uses permitted by special use permit in the M-1 District. ? 6. Adult bookstore, subject to following conditions: ? f. The preservation of cultural and historical landmarks and trees; ? ? (Amend. Of 4-24-2012)

Middleburg ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
MIDDLEBURG SUBDIVISION ORDINANCE ARTICLE 4 Subdivisions and Construction Plans 4.2.4 Preliminary Plat Submission Requirements ? B. All preliminary plats shall contain the following information: ? (22) Delineation of existing tree cover and plans for tree protection. All trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh) of 18 inches or greater shall be specifically identified on the plat. ? ARTICLE 5 Site Plans 5.3.5 Site Plan Submission Requirements ? B. The site plan shall be clearly and legibly drawn on numbered sheets 24 by 36 inches in size and shall include: ? (20) Location of existing tree cover and plans for tree protection. All trees with a diameter breast height (dbh) of 18 inches or greater shall be specifically identified on the plan.

Middleburg ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
MIDDLEBURG ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE IX. AGRICULTURAL CONSERVANCY ZONING DISTRICT Section 105.2: Conservancy Subdivision: Lot, Bulk and Open Space Requirements ? (i) Additional Standards for Open Space ? (3) Conservancy and greenbelt open space shall incorporate historic resources, prime agricultural soils, floodplain areas, wetlands, steep slopes, existing tree cover and other environmentally sensitive resources to the greatest extent possible. Section 107: Design Standards ? All Uses ? (d) Street Design. Street layout shall take into consideration internal open space areas, gateways, and vistas. Both street and pedestrian linkages to the existing town are recommended where possible. ? (4) Street trees shall be planted along all streets in conformance with Section 215. ? Section 107.2: Additional Standards for Certain Special Exception Uses Additional standards set forth below shall apply to certain specific uses permitted with a special use permit in this ordinance. These are intended to serve as the minimum standards for these uses, and are not intended to substitute for other applicable provisions of this ordinance or for additional conditions that may be imposed in connection with special exception approvals. All special exception uses shall also be subject to the design standards of Section 107 and 107.1. ? (g) Rural Resort (Added 5/12/2006) ? (13) Minimum Open Space: A minimum of 75% of the gross lot area shall be open space meeting the requirements of this subsection. (i) Open space shall be configured to include all major floodplains, very steep slope land areas of 5,000 contiguous feet or more and wetlands located on the property. Additional land as needed to meet minimum open space requirements shall be designated as open space and shall be selected to add to the visual amenities of the rural resort and to minimize the impact of the resort facilities on surrounding areas and shall incorporate historic resources, prime agricultural soils, floodplain areas, wetlands, steep slopes, existing tree cover and other environmentally sensitive resources to the greatest extent possible. ?

Middleburg ZONING ORDINANCE View whole ordinance
MIDDLEBURG ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE XV. BUFFERING, SCREENING AND TREES Section 208: Applicability This article shall apply to all site plan and subdivision applications approved after the effective date of this ordinance. This article applies to the construction of any parking lot containing more than five parking spaces. This article shall apply to the enlargement of any parking lot resulting in more than five spaces but not to the resurfacing of an existing lot. (Amended 02/10/05) Part I. Buffering and Screening Section 209: Purpose (a) Minimal buffering and screening can provide an impression of separation of spaces and more extensive screening can shield entirely one use from another; (b) Buffering and screening can provide a greater sense of privacy from visual or physical intrusion varying with the intensity of the screening; ? Buffering and screening can protect and enhance property values; and (d) Buffering and screening protect the general health, safety and welfare of the town and its residents. Section 210: General Buffering and Screening Standards Every development shall provide sufficient buffering and screening so that neighboring properties are screened from any adverse effects of the development and the development is screened from any adverse effects of adjacent uses such as streets. Section 211: Compliance with Buffering and Screening Standards (a) The following buffer yards shall be provided between various uses: (1) Commercial adjacent to residential: 15 feet (2) Commercial adjacent to institutional: 10 feet (3) Commercial adjacent to agricultural conservancy: 15 feet (4) Multi-family residential next to single family, duplex, townhouses or commercial: 20 feet (5) Residential adjacent to agricultural conservancy: 15 feet (6) Institutional adjacent to residential: 15 feet (7) Institutional adjacent to commercial: 10 feet (8) Institutional adjacent to agricultural conservancy: 15 feet A solid wall or fence at least six (6) feet in height may be used to reduce the required buffer yard by 50 percent, if the remaining yard can be effectively planted. (Amended 02/10/05) (b) Buffer yards shall contain sufficient trees and shrubs to provide an opaque screen between uses. An opaque screen is intended to exclude all visual contact between uses and to create a strong impression of separation. In general, small trees planted at a rate of 1 tree per 30 feet or large canopy trees planted at a rate of 1 tree per 40 feet and 1 evergreen tree planted at a rate of 1 tree per 20 feet shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this section. Evergreen shrubs planted at a rate of 3 shrubs per 10 feet in buffer yards of 10 feet and doubled in buffer yards of 25 feet shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this section. Plants should be placed to achieve maximum screening from intensive use areas of adjoining properties. Existing vegetation, such as hedgerows and trees, may be used to satisfy the requirements of this Section. ? No required buffer yard shall exceed 10 percent of the lot area of the subject property, but in no instance shall the buffer yard be less than five feet. Section 212: Flexibility in Administration Required (a) The council recognizes that the buffering and screening requirements of this article cannot address every situation because of the wide variety of developments and the relationships between them. The council may permit deviations from the presumptive requirements of Section 211 whenever such deviations meet or exceed the standards contained in Section 210. (b) Whenever the council allows or requires a deviation from the requirements of Section 211, it shall include the screening requirement on the zoning permit along with the reasons for allowing or requiring the deviation.

Newport News City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 33.02 SITE REGULATIONS ARTICLE II. SITE PLAN FORM AND CONTENT Sec. 33.02-31. Content of Class 1 site plans. Class 1 site plans shall contain information necessary to satisfy the requirements of this chapter. The information to be supplied includes but is not limited to the following: ? (12) A lighting and landscaping plan showing proposed lighting facilities and landscaping features, such as the number, location, size and species of landscaping materials and details of irrigation systems and plant protection. A note shall be included on the plan reciting the requirements of section 33.02-51 for protecting trees to be preserved on the site. (13) The location, type, detail, dimension, elevation, size, and/or number of the following existing and proposed items: ? j. The limits of clearing, including the driplines of trees to be preserved on the site. M. Chesapeake Bay Preservation areas. ? v. Areas that are designed as required transitional area and/or landscaping and green area required and provided, including the number and location of trees and shrubs required and provided on-site to meet the provisions of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. 4952-96; Ord. No. 5030-97; Ord. No. 5725-02) Sec. 33.02-32. Same?Class 2 site plans. Class 2 site plans shall contain sufficient information to facilitate an engineering review so that the director can determine whether the plan may be accepted for review rather than requiring that the proposed development activity be handled through the review process for Class 1 site plans. Information required to be indicated on a Class 2 site plan includes but is not limited to the following: ? (7) As appropriate for the site under consideration, the location, type, dimension, elevation, size and/or number of the following existing and proposed items: ? c. The limits of clearing, including the driplines of trees to be preserved on the site. D. Methods of collecting, retaining, directing or disposing of stormwater, including appropriate drainage calculations. E. Chesapeake Bay Preservation areas. F. Site impervious area calculations. G. Areas where special regulations apply to properties on or adjacent to airports. H. Areas of all required transitional area and landscaping and green area required and provided, including the number of trees and shrubs required and provided on the site to meet the provisions of this chapter. ? (Ord. No. 4952-96; Ord. No. 5030-97)

Newport News City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 37.1 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ARTICLE V. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION Sec. 37.1-51. - Performance standards. (a) Purpose and intent. The purpose and intent of these requirements, as set forth in section 37.1-47(a), is to establish criteria to implement the following objectives: prevent a net increase in nonpoint source pollution from development; achieve a ten (10) percent reduction in nonpoint source pollution from redevelopment; and achieve a forty (40) percent reduction in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural and silvicultural uses. The performance standards recognize that diverse local circumstances require varying methods for protecting water quality. The performance standards establish the means to minimize erosion and sedimentation potential, reduce land application of nutrients and toxins, and maximize rainwater infiltration. Where land is undeveloped and not actively used, natural ground cover, especially woody vegetation, is most effective in holding soil in place and preventing site erosion. Indigenous vegetation, with its adaptability to local conditions without the use of harmful fertilizers or pesticides, filters stormwater runoff. Minimizing impervious cover enhances rainwater infiltration and effectively reduces stormwater runoff potential. ? (b) General performance standards for development and redevelopment. Performance standards for development and redevelopment within all Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas, except within industrial waterfront IDAs, are set forth in subsection (1). Performance standards for development and redevelopment within all resource protection areas, except within Industrial Waterfront IDAs, are set forth in subsection (2). Performance standards for development and redevelopment within industrial waterfront IDA's are set forth in subsections (3). (1) Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. The following performance standards for development and redevelopment apply in all Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas except industrial waterfront IDAs and as otherwise hereinafter set forth. ? f. Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the use or development proposed and in accordance with the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, as adopted by Article VII of this Chapter. 1. Existing trees shall be preserved outside the limits of land disturbance. Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury may be removed, pursuant to section 37.1-51(b)(2)a. 2. Clearing shall be allowed only to provide necessary vehicular access, positive site drainage, water quality BMPs, and the installation of utilities as approved by the city manager, or designee. 3. Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protective barriers, such as fencing shall be erected five (5) feet outside of the dripline of any tree or stand of trees to be preserved. These protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barrier unless otherwise authorized by the city manager, or designee. ? (2) Resource protection area buffer requirements. Except as hereinafter set forth, the following requirements shall apply within all resource protection areas. Development and redevelopment within industrial waterfront IDAs is exempt from these requirements. To minimize the adverse effects of human activities on the other components of resource protection areas, state waters, and aquatic life, it is recognized that a one hundred-foot vegetative buffer area is effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. A vegetated buffer area not less than one hundred (100) feet in width shall be established where it does not exist and retained where already present. The buffer area shall be located adjacent to and landward of all RPA components and along both sides of any water body with perennial flow. The full buffer area shall be designated as the landward component of the RPA, in accordance with sections 37.1-49, areas of applicability and 37.1-52, plan of development. The one hundred (100) foot buffer area shall be deemed to achieve a seventy-five (75) percent reduction of sediments and a forty (40) percent reduction of nutrients. The buffer area shall be maintained to meet the following additional performance standards: a. In order to maintain the functional value of the buffer area, indigenous vegetation may be removed subject to approval by the city manager, or designee, only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management and Best Management Practices, as follows: 1. Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for reasonable sight lines and vistas, provided that where they are removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. 2. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. 3. Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds may be removed, and thinning of trees allowed pursuant to sound horticultural standard, subject to approval of the city manager, or designee. 4. For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. b. When the application of the buffer areas would result in the loss of a buildable area on a lot or parcel recorded prior to October 1, 1989 the city manager, or designee, may allow encroachment into the buffer area in accordance with section 37.1-52, plan of development and the following criteria: 1. Encroachments into the buffer area shall be the minimum necessary to achieve a reasonable buildable area for a principal structure and necessary utilities. 2. Where practicable, a vegetated area that will maximize water quality protection, mitigate the effect of buffer encroachment, and is, equal to the area of encroachment into the buffer area shall be established elsewhere on the lot or parcel. 3. The encroachment may not extend into the seaward fifty (50) feet of the buffer area. c. When the application of the buffer area would result in the loss of a buildable area on a lot or parcel recorded between October 1, 1989 and July 1, 2004, encroachments into the buffer area may be allowed through an administrative process in accordance with the following criteria: 1. The lot or parcel was created as a result of a legal process conducted in conformity with the city's subdivision regulations; 2. Conditions or mitigation measures imposed through previously approved exceptions shall be met; 3. If the use of a Best Management Practice (BMP) was previously required, the BMP shall be evaluated to determine if it continues to function effectively and, if necessary, the BMP shall be re-established or repaired and maintained as required; and 4. The criteria in subdivision (2)b. of this section shall be met. ? (Ord. No. 7017-13, ? 1; Ord. No. 7088-14, ? 1)

Newport News City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 37.1 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ARTICLE V. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION Sec. 37.1-52. Plan of development. (a) Required information. In addition to the requirements of Chapter 33.02, Site Plan Ordinance, or the requirements of Appendix B, Subdivision Ordinance, of the City Code, all development in the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas shall follow the plan of development process consisting of the additional plans and studies identified below. These required plans and studies may be coordinated or combined, as deemed appropriate by the city manager, or designee. The city manager, or designee, may determine that some of the following information is unnecessary due to the scope and nature of the proposed development. The following plans or studies shall be submitted to the city manager, or designee, unless otherwise noted in each subsection: ? (2) A landscaping/tree preservation plan; ? ? (c) Landscaping and tree preservation plan. A landscaping/tree preservation plan shall be submitted in conjunction with site plan approval or as part of subdivision plat approval. No clearing or grading of any lot or parcel shall be permitted without an approved landscaping/tree preservation plan. No landscaping/tree preservation plan shall be required in connection with development in Industrial Waterfront IDAs. Landscaping/tree preservation plans shall be prepared and certified by design professionals practicing within their areas of competence as prescribed by the Code of Virginia. (1) Contents of the plan. a. The landscaping plan shall be drawn to scale and clearly delineate the location, size and description of existing and proposed plant material. All existing trees on the site five (5) inches or greater DBH shall be shown on the landscaping plan. Where there are groups of five (5) or more trees, stands may be outlined instead. The specific number of trees be preserved outside of the limits of clearing shall be indicated on the plan. Dead, diseased and dying trees to be removed shall be clearly delineated on the landscaping plan. The plan shall be consistent with Chapter 33.02 of the City Code, Site Plan Ordinance. b. Any required buffer area shall be clearly delineated and any plant material to be added to establish or supplement the buffer area, as required by this article, shall be shown on the landscaping plan. c. Within the buffer area, trees to be removed for sight lines, vistas, vehicular access, paths, and shoreline erosion control, as provided for in this article shall be shown on the plan. Vegetation required to replace any existing trees within the buffer area shall be also shown on the landscaping plan. d. Trees to be removed for shoreline stabilization projects and any replacement vegetation required shall be shown on the landscaping plan. e. The plan shall depict grade changes or other work adjacent to trees which would affect them adversely. Specifications shall be provided as to how grade, drainage, and aeration would be maintained around trees to be preserved. f. The landscaping plan will include specifications for the protection of existing trees during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction, consistent with such measures as described in Article IV of Chapter 37.1 and Chapter 33.02, Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code. (2) Plant specifications. a. All plant materials necessary to supplement the buffer area or vegetated areas outside the disturbed land area shall be installed in accordance with the specifications referred to in Chapter 33.02, Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code. b. All supplementary or replacement plant materials shall be living and in a healthy condition. Plant materials shall conform to the standards of the most recent edition of the American Standard for Nursery Stock, published by the American Association of Nurserymen. c. When existing trees and other vegetation to be preserved, as designated on an approved landscaping plan, are encroached upon, they shall be replaced. Replacement trees shall be planted at a ratio of three (3) to one (1), at the time of planting. ? (Ord. No. 7017-13, ? 1; Ord. No. 7088-14, ? 1)

Newport News City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 45 ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE X. R5 LOW DENSITY MULTIPLE-FAMILY DWELLING DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1006. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan, required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required open space areas, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XI. R6 MANUFACTURED HOME DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1106. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required open space areas, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XII. R7 MEDIUM DENSITY MULTIPLE-FAMILY DWELLING DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1206. - Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan, required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required open space areas, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XIII. R8 HIGH DENSITY MULTIPLE-FAMILY DWELLING DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1306. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required open space area, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XV. PLANNED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1505. Lot area and dimensional regulations in residential districts. Within any PRD approved under this article, the requirements set forth below shall apply in lieu of lot area and dimensional regulations set forth in the district in which the development is located: ? (2) Setbacks ? c. Perimeter yards: Where the property lines of a PRD abut land not included in the development, a fifty-foot setback shall be provided to include a twenty-five-foot wide landscaped buffer containing a minimum of two (2) trees for every four hundred (400) square feet. ? (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1; Ord. No. 5251-99) ARTICLE XIV. R9 MIXED USE DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1406. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required open space areas, buffer areas, trees, and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XV. PLANNED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1505. Lot area and dimensional regulations in residential districts. Within any PRD approved under this article, the requirements set forth below shall apply in lieu of lot area and dimensional regulations set forth in the district in which the development is located: ? (2) Setbacks ? c. Perimeter yards: Where the property lines of a PRD abut land not included in the development, a fifty-foot setback shall be provided to include a twenty-five-foot wide landscaped buffer containing a minimum of two (2) trees for every four hundred (400) square feet. ? (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1; Ord. No. 5251-99) ARTICLE XVI. P1 PARK DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1606. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required open space areas, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XVII. O1 OFFICE DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1708. Landscaping. A landscaping plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the Site Plan Ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required green areas, buffer areas, trees, parking spaces and aisles, and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XVIII. O2 OFFICE PARK DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1806. Performance standards. (a) Landscaping: (1) Landscaped perimeter yards shall contain no structures, road (except driveways points), parking, storage areas, accessory buildings or no mechanical equipment, but may contain walkways, trails, art, and man-made landscape features. Landscaped yards shall be provided as follows: a. Front yard: Forty (40) feet minimum. B. Side yard: Twenty (20) feet minimum. C. Rear yard: Forty (40) feet minimum. (2) Off-street parking lots having more than fifteen (15) parking spaces shall provide a landscaped island every fifteen (15) spaces and at the end of each parking row or aisle. These landscape islands shall be a minimum of one hundred twenty-eight (128) square feet in area for a single parking row and a minimum of two hundred fifty-six (256) square feet in area for a double parking row. Within the interior of the parking lot, a minimum of one (1) tree shall be provided for each fifteen (15) parking spaces. (3) Trees shall be provided in accordance with the standards set forth in the master development plan for the office park. Tree standards shall meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the city's site plan ordinance. (b) Buffer provisions. The following buffer areas shall be required when the O2 district abuts the following zoning districts of lesser intensity: (1) Forty (40) feet when abutting any single-family district; (2) Thirty (30) feet when abutting any multiple-family district; and (3) Twenty (20) feet when abutting any R8 district. ? (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XIX. O3 OFFICE/RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-1906. Landscaping. A landscaping plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the site plan ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required green areas, buffers, trees and other plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XX. C1 RETAIL COMMERCIAL DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-2006. Landscaping. A landscape plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the site plan ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required green areas, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XXI. C2 GENERAL COMMERCIAL DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-2106. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the site plan ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required green areas, buffer areas, trees and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XXII. - C3 REGIONAL BUSINESS DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-2206. - General performance standards of design and operation. (a) Landscaping. (1) Any new non-residential building over the height of eighty (80) feet must provide a landscaped plaza or area at the street level equal to ten (10) percent of the lot area. Such area may be open to the sky, covered by the upper floors of the building, or covered by a bridge between the buildings or other structures, provided that such floor, bridge or structure leaves a minimum clearance of ten (10) feet in height and eight (8) feet in width at ground level. (2) Off-street surface parking lots having at least fifteen (15) parking spaces shall provide a landscaped buffer ten (10) feet in width around the perimeter of the paved area designated for automobile parking (except for access points to public streets, alleys or plazas). (3) Ground signs for buildings under eighty (80) feet in height shall provide five (5) square feet of landscaped ground area per square foot of sign area around the base of the sign. (4) Street furnishings such as street furniture, pavement, plant materials, planter spacing and lighting shall be in accordance with the Regional Business District Development Manual approved and adopted by city council. (b) Buffering provisions. (1) Any new development adjoining a building originally and historically used as a church shall provide a landscape buffer at least fifteen (15) feet wide along the common property line, and such landscape buffer shall extend the entire length of the said property line. (2) A twenty-foot wide landscape buffer shall be provided where a new non-residential use abuts an existing or approved residential use. However, no landscape buffer shall be required for a new building, structure, addition or site five thousand (5,000) square feet or less in gross floor area or site area. (3) Any new non-residential development adjoining an existing residential use or an approved residential development shall provide a landscape buffer at least thirty (30) feet wide if the proposed development includes a structure fifty (50) feet or higher in height. Such required landscape buffer shall be provided the entire length of common property line. (4) The landscape buffers required above may be reduced in size or width if the applicant adequately demonstrates that either: a. The proposed development is similar in use, height and size with the use to be protected by the landscape buffer; and, the landscaping being provided in the reduced buffer will provide adequate screening to the adjoining use; or b. The lot size, configuration, and orientation of the proposed development requires a smaller landscape buffer area; and, the landscaping being provided in the reduced buffer will provide adequate screening to the adjoining use. (5) The landscape buffers required in this article shall contain living plants (i.e., trees, shrubs, ground covers or grass), natural features (i.e., rock, stone, bark chips, wood shavings or land contouring) and/or structural features (i.e., walls, pedestrian walkways, night lighting, street furnishings), and shall be designed and provided in accordance with the criteria in the Regional Business District Development Manual approved and adopted by the city council. ? (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XXV. M1 LIGHT INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-2506. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the site plan ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required green areas, buffer areas, trees, and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XXVI. M2 HEAVY INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-2606. Landscaping. A planting plan shall be filed with the site plan required by the site plan ordinance of the City Code and shall show all required green areas, buffer areas, trees, and plantings. (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) ARTICLE XXVIII. - MODIFICATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS OF DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 45-2802. - Modifications to yard regulations. ? ? Transitional buffer area required between zoning districts of different intensity. (1) A special transitional buffer area shall be required in any zoning district when that zoning district abuts a lower intensity zoning district and shall be measured from the zoning district line to produce a transitional buffer area with the minimum width indicated by the following table 28-1. (2) In accordance with section 45-3128(d) of this article, transitional buffer areas shall not be required within the neighborhood conservation district when multiple family zoning districts abut single-family zoning districts. (3) The term "transitional buffer area" as used in this section shall apply to the area in the higher intensity district between the principal use and the zoning district line. This transitional buffer area shall contain a minimum number of plant materials in order to meet the standards set forth in this section and to provide the required vegetative density. The required vegetative density for transitional buffer area(s) shall be defined as each four hundred (400) square feet of transitional buffer areas (created by a twenty-foot by twenty-foot grid, excluding approved improvements, easements, or accessways) which contains at least two (2) healthy trees of two-inch caliper measured six (6) inches above the ground for single-stemmed deciduous trees or for multi-stemmed or evergreen trees, no less than eight (8) feet in height, or a combination thereof; and two (2) large growing evergreen shrubs, with a minimum height of forty-eight (48) inches, capable of reaching ten (10) feet at maturity. It is the purpose and intent of this ordinance that in the transitional buffer area(s) the owner of said property shall retain existing mature vegetation and to supplement such vegetation where necessary to meet the vegetative density defined above. All transitional buffer area(s) shall be properly maintained to assure that they will function effectively and continuously. The transitional buffer area shall contain no structure or improvements that promote or encourage the concentration of people, vehicles, or noise or otherwise produce conditions not compatible with the intensity of uses permitted in the abutted lower intensity district. When supplementing the plant materials in the area(s) buffer to meet the required vegetative density, any re-vegetation shall require the planting of two (2) trees (one (1) shall be a large growing variety and one (1) shall be a small growing variety) per four hundred (400) square feet of transitional buffer area. If the two (2) trees will be newly installed, then one (1) shall be evergreen, and one (1) shall be deciduous. The minimum sizes for the installed trees shall be two-inch caliper, measured six (6) inches above the ground, for single stemmed, deciduous trees, and eight (8) feet in height for multi-stemmed or evergreen trees. In addition to the trees, two (2) large growing evergreen shrubs, with a minimum forty-eight (48) inches installed height, shall be required every four hundred (400) square feet of transitional buffer area for transitional buffer areas non-adjacent to public streets. For transitional buffer areas adjacent to public streets, the installation of three (3) low growing shrubs, capable of maturing at three (3) feet in height shall be required for every four hundred (400) square feet of transitional buffer area. The low growing shrubs may be evergreen or deciduous, with a minimum installed height and/or spread of eighteen (18) inches. When visual barriers are required by Site Regulations Section 33.02-51(6)c. and the two (2) land areas coincide, then the visual barrier shrub requirement shall govern and serve to fulfill the transitional buffer area shrub requirement. Hand grooming of dead, diseased, or injured vegetation, and removal of nuisance vines shall be permitted within transitional buffer area(s). No grading shall be permitted within transitional buffer area(s). Maintenance of grass, and removal of weeds, trash and debris as specified in sections 13-150 and 13-180 of the City Code shall be required. All plant materials, pre-existing or newly installed, within the transitional buffer area(s) shall be maintained in perpetuity in accordance with an approved site plan or development plan whichever is applicable. Appropriate plant replacements shall be provided in the event that fifty (50) percent or more of a plants' vegetation is diseased, damaged or dead and the affected vegetation creates a deficit or void in the required vegetative density. Tree protection fencing for existing vegetation shall be erected prior to the issuance of a land disturbance permit and shall be maintained until all construction activities on the site have been completed. The limits of tree protection fencing shall be established no closer than five (5) feet outside the dripline of the existing vegetation and shall be a minimum height of forty (40) inches and sufficient to prevent intrusion into the protected area. The location, type and installation details for the tree protection fencing shall be clearly shown on the approved site plan or development plan whichever is applicable. (4) If the transitional buffer area does not abut a public street and contains existing vegetation (trees, shrubs, or ground covers) the transitional buffer area shall remain undisturbed, in its natural state, and supplemented, where necessary, to meet the required vegetative density. Within the transitional buffer area, all existing healthy trees, shrubs, and ground covers shall be preserved and protected. Hand grooming shall be limited to the removal of dead, diseased, or injured limbs. If the transitional buffer area does not meet the required vegetative density, then additional plant materials (except those trees prohibited in the Site Regulations, Section 33.02-51.(c)(2)e.) shall be planted in conformance with the standards of the most recent edition of the "American Standards for Nursery Stock" and the standards defined above. (5) If the transitional buffer area abuts a public street(s), then removal of existing shrubs or ground covers and/or trees less than six (6) inches in caliper shall be permitted with an approved landscape plan showing the required re-vegetation of one (1) large tree, one (1) small tree and three (3) low growing shrubs. Existing overstory trees may be "limbed-up" to a maximum height of ten (10) feet above the tree base and existing understory trees may be "limbed-up" to a maximum height of six (6) feet. The landscape plan shall provide the required vegetative density (consisting of either newly proposed and/or existing) and replacement plant materials as set forth above. (6) When the zoning line falls on a public street, railroad, or other public right-of-way, the buffer shall begin along the property line of the higher intensity district. Where the zoning line falls within a body of water, the buffer shall begin at the edge of mean low water of the higher intensity district. However, pedestrian and vehicular access such as sidewalks, driveways, entrances, landscaping, plantings, street furniture and the like shall be permitted in buffers along public streets, railroads, other public rights-of-way, and bodies of water. (7) For undeveloped sites that are greater than ninety thousand (90,000) square feet, when a required buffer coincides or shares land area with an easement, the transitional buffer area width or easement width shall be relocated so that they will not coincide or overlap. The relocation of either area shall begin at the adjacent interior shared edge of the transitional buffer area or easement. In determining the relocation of the area(s), consideration shall be given to existing trees/vegetation residing on the site. The transitional buffer area(s) shall be located to maximize the inclusion of naturally occurring trees/vegetation on the site. Where no vegetation exists within the transitional buffer area(s), plant materials shall be installed, maintained and replaced in accordance to [sub]section (2) above. (8) For redeveloped sites or sites that are equal to or less than ninety thousand (90,000) square feet, collocation of easements and transitional buffer areas shall be permitted up to fifty (50) percent of the greater of the two (2) widths. Should the easement width be greater than the transitional buffer area width, no more than fifty (50) percent of the transitional buffer area width shall coincide within the easement area. In determining the collocation of the areas, consideration shall be given to existing trees/vegetation residing on the site. The transitional buffer area(s) shall be located to maximize the inclusion of naturally occurring trees/vegetation on site. Where no vegetation exists within the transitional buffer area(s), plant materials shall be installed, maintained and replaced in accordance to [sub]section (2) above. The portion of the transitional buffer area that is collocated within an easement shall be exempt from re-vegetation, but that same portion shall remain a green area consisting of a viable turf grass and maintained according to sections 13-150 and 13-180 of the City Code. (9) Within a transitional buffer area, an easement shall be permitted to cross the transitional buffer area in such a way as to minimize the land area impacted by the crossing and shall be excluded from the re-vegetation requirement. All breaks shall cross transitional buffer areas at right angles. (10) The board of zoning appeals may grant a special exception for the use or reduction of the transitional buffer area subject to the conditions prescribed in Article XXXII, section 45-3204. ? (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1; Ord. No. 5096-98, ? 1; Ord. No. 5723-02; Ord. No. 6572-09; Ord. No. 6728-10)

Newport News City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 45 ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE XXXI. OVERLAY ZONING DISTRICTS AND REGULATIONS DIVISION 1. SPECIAL REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO PROPERTY ON AND SURROUNDING THE AIRPORT Sec. 45-3102. Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them, unless the context clearly requires otherwise: ? (22) Tree: Any object of natural growth. ? (Ord. No. 5028-97, ? 1) DIVISION 9. LEE HALL CORRIDOR OVERLAY DISTRICT Sec. 45-3166. Guidelines and development standards. Purpose and intent: The following guidelines and development standards are intended to protect and enhance the visual experience from the established entrance corridors and to reduce incompatible and adverse impacts on scenic and historic sites. ? (b) Development standards. New subdivision, mixed-use, commercial and industrial development within this Lee Hall Overlay District should provide for visual compatibility and harmony with surrounding natural landforms and vegetation; be protective of views and vistas from the corridors identified in section 45-3163 of the City Code; and provide continuity of site design within the proposed development. These objectives include the following standards, in addition to the development standards specified for the underlying zones in the Zoning Ordinance: (1) General. A. Structures should not dominate, by excessive or inappropriate height or mass, any general development, adjacent building, or natural landscape. B. Natural amenities such as views, trees, water courses, and other natural features should be preserved and incorporated into the site design. C. Impervious surface areas should be minimized and landscaped areas should be maximized. ? (c) Grading and drainage. (1) Development activities should avoid excessive or unsightly grading, indiscriminate earth moving or clearing of property, and removal of trees and vegetation that could cause disruption of natural water courses or disfigure natural land forms. ? ? (h) Landscaping requirements and tree protection. (1) Purpose and intent. The purpose and intent of such landscaping requirements are to reduce the visibility of paved areas from adjacent properties and streets; moderate climatic effects; minimize noise and glare; and, to enhance public safety by defining spaces so as to influence traffic movement. Landscaping will also reduce the amount of storm water runoff, provide transition between neighboring properties, and frame and soften structures. Every effort shall be made through the design, layout, and construction of development projects to incorporate and preserve as many trees as possible. (2) General. Landscaping and green area requirements shall be as established by City Code Chapter 33.02-51, Site Regulations. In addition, the following requirements shall apply to all landscape plans: a. A landscaping plan shall be submitted in conjunction with the development or site plan submittal. B. Such landscaping plan shall be drawn to scale, include dimensions and distances, and clearly delineate all existing and proposed vehicular movement and parking, and the location, size and description of all landscaping materials. All easements, transitional buffer areas and setback areas shall be labeled and dimensioned. C. All plant materials shall be maintained in perpetuity in a healthy condition. The property owner or designated agent shall be responsible for the maintenance, repair and replacement of all landscaping materials as may be required by the provisions of this subsection. All plant material and landscaped bed areas shall be tended and maintained in a healthy growing condition, free from refuse, debris and weeds at all times. (3) Parking area landscaping. In addition to the requirements of section 33.02-51(12) of the City Code, the following shall apply: a. Masonry walls, fences, hedges or berms three (3) to four (4) feet in height in combination with required landscaping are required to screen parking areas with ten (10) spaces or more. B. Pedestrian walkways between sites, parking areas and buildings are required to promote and enhance safe pedestrian circulation. (4) Buffers and screening. Transitional buffer areas shall be provided as required by section 45-2802? of the City Code. Screening shall include a wall or fence designed to block visual and noise impacts to ensure compatibility between adjacent uses. (5) Requirements for landscape plans. Outdoor furniture and fixtures for commercial and mixed-use development are elements of building and landscape design, and shall be identified on the landscape plan. (6) Tree protection. A. No person shall cut down, destroy, move, or remove or cause to be cut down, destroyed, moved or removed any living, disease-free tree of any species having a trunk six (6) inches in caliper or larger, measured four and one-half (4?) feet from the base, in conjunction with any development of land governed by this division until such activity has been approved under the provisions of this division. B. No land shall be cleared or altered prior to approval of a development or site plan. C. A survey of all trees six (6) inches in caliper or larger within the development area shall be made and submitted in conjunction with the development plan. All trees proposed for removal shall be clearly noted. The tree survey shall be certified either by a licensed land surveyor, registered engineer, or landscape architect. D. When preliminary site evaluation by the applicant reveals the ability to accomplish the proposed project without removal of any trees six (6) inches in caliper or larger, the applicant shall submit a written statement that no trees will be removed and the development plan or site plan will indicate "No Large Caliper Tree Removal" as a condition thereof. E. Those trees designated for preservation in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance as shown on the approved landscaping plan shall be protected in accordance with section 33.02-51.(c) of the City Code. (Ord. No. 6294-06)

Norfolk City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 42 STREETS AND SIDEWALKS ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL Sec. 42-20.3. Filling of Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. (a) Before any filling, clearing or grading is done by the owner, or by any other person with the knowledge or consent of the owner, of any area designated pursuant to section 494 of the zoning ordinance as a Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area a fill plan shall be submitted to the director of public works. The fill plan shall be reviewed by the department of public works and by the division of environmental affairs to ensure consistency with the provisions of this section and of section 494 of the Zoning ordinance. Upon approval of the fill plan by the department of public works and the division of environmental affairs, the filling, clearing or grading shall be done in accordance therewith. (b) For purposes of this section, the fill plan shall include: ? (5) If trees or other vegetation are to be removed in the buffer area of the resource protection area, as defined in section 32.2-3 of the City Code, in order to fill, clear or grade, a showing of all necessary tree permits pursuant to section 30-24(a)(9) of the City Code is required. ? ? (Ord. No. 36,175, ? 1, 8-28-90; Ord. No. 40,580, ? 2, 1-8-02)

Norfolk ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE III. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL ZONING DISTRICTS CHAPTER 17: LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS AND BUFFERS 17-3 Landscape plan. 17-3.1 Requirement of a landscape plan. A landscape plan shall be submitted as part of the site plan review process set forth in Chapter 26. Such plans shall be reviewed and approved by the department of neighborhood and leisure services and the department of planning. The department of neighborhood and leisure services shall not approve any landscape plan unless it conforms to the provisions of this chapter and standards that may be established by the Department. 17-3.2 Contents of the landscape plan. Fifteen copies of a landscape plan prepared by and signed by either a Registered Landscape Architect, Certified Landscape Designer, Virginia Certified Horticulturist or a person with a horticulture or related degree shall be submitted to the department of planning to coordinate review by city departments. Proposed landscape treatment shall be indicated on the landscape plan and shall not be shown on any separately required site plan. Each landscape plan shall be drawn to engineer's scale, shall show the placement of individual plants and shall include the following information: (a) Title of project. (b) Street address of the project. (c) Name of Registered Landscape Architect, Certified Landscape Designer or Virginia Certified Horticulturist. (d) Distance from the property to nearest intersecting street. (e) North arrow, scale (1"=20' preferred, no scale smaller than 1"=40'), date and/or date of revisions. (f) The species (common name and botanical name), location and crown spread to scale of all trees existing on the site prior to construction with a caliper of six (6) inches or greater at breast height (four-and-a-half (4?) feet). (g) Zoning District boundaries and zoning designations of the site and adjacent properties. (h) Location, width and names of all existing/proposed streets and water courses. (i) All easements (provide size and purpose). (j) Location of all existing and proposed utilities, both overhead and underground. (k) Principal buildings, parking spaces, driveways, streets (public and private), right-of-way lines and property lines. (l) Location and type of trash disposal and details of screening. (m) Location, height, type and material of all fences, walls, screen planting and landscaping details of all buildings and grounds. Show each individual plant on the plan. (n) Square footage measures for the total site, building, parking and hard surface areas, and landscape areas. Show percentage of landscape area for the total project. For ten or more parking spaces, show percentage of interior landscape area. (o) Dimensions and distances of landscape strips as required in this chapter. (p) Plant list on the same sheet as the landscape plan. List key, quantity, botanical and common name of plant, size, root description (i.e., bare root or ball and burlap), spacing and any special descriptions or comments. (q) Planting details of trees, shrubs and ground covers. (r) Additional requirements for development as may be required within Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. (s) Berms and topographical lines at two (2) foot intervals. (t) Landscape notes indicating the following: (1) All trees shall be a minimum of 2.5 inches in caliper and eight (8) feet in overall height at the time of installation and of a variety which shall attain a mature spread of at least twenty (20) feet. (2) All plant materials shall meet the minimum specifications and standards described in the most current edition of American Standard for Nursery Stock, 1986, published by the American Association of Nurseryman, 1250 I Street, N.W., Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20005. (3) Planting season restrictions: (i) All ball and burlap plant material shall be installed from October 15 to March 31, unless otherwise authorized by the department of neighborhood and leisure services. (ii) All container grown plant material shall be installed from September 15 to May 15, unless otherwise authorized by the department of neighborhood and leisure services. (iii) Any other dates not listed above in this section shall be considered out-of-season. In such cases, a bond or other form of surety covering the cost of installation of all landscape material and construction shall be required in conformance with provisions set forth in section 17-12. 17-3.3? Landscape design and materials. No plant materials shall be approved for use in any landscape planting plan unless they are judged suitable for planting in the City of Norfolk by the department of neighborhood and leisure services. Where possible, existing vegetation which meets the standards prescribed by this chapter should be preserved and may be used to meet some or all of the landscaping requirements, when approved by the department of neighborhood and leisure services. When not suitable, new plant materials must be provided. Trees and other plant materials may be planted in appropriate clusters or groups and need not be planted in linear or equidistant patterns, in the landscape areas. Trees shall be spaced a minimum of four feet from the edge of pavement or back of curb. Trees and other plant materials shall be mulched with two to three inches minimum of bark mulch or other material commonly used for the purpose. The zoning administrator, with the advice of the department of neighborhood and leisure services, may waive or modify any buffer requirement where the use of earth berms and/or existing topography will achieve the intent of this chapter. (Ord. No. 42,529, ? 1(Exh. A), 1-30-07)

Norfolk ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE III. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL ZONING DISTRICTS CHAPTER 17: LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS AND BUFFERS 17-4 Landscape requirements for buildings and yards. Landscape requirements for building lots and yards shall be as follow: 17-4.1? Percentage of open space. At least ten (10) percent of the lot exclusive of parking areas, driveways and sidewalks, shall be open space. For purposes of this chapter, open space shall include required and optional plant materials as well as open areas covered with grass and/or ground cover. 17-4.2? Yard landscape planting requirement. For each twenty-five (25) feet of lot width, or portion thereof, there shall be at least one (1) tree planted in required front yards and corner side yards adjacent to a public street. No less than twenty-five (25) percent and no more than fifty (50) percent of trees shall be evergreen for the frontage requirement. With the approval of the department of neighborhood and leisure services, these required frontage trees may be planted on side and/or back yards, in order to provide greater design flexibility based on landscape requirements. (Ord. No. 43,751, ? 8(Exh. G), 3-2-10) 17-4.3 ?Facades. All facades fronting on a public street or other public space shall have continuous foundation planting except where precluded by access to parking spaces located under the building or by building entrances. In the case of additions to existing structures, the facades of both the addition and the existing structure shall be planted with continuous foundation planting. Front facades of buildings located on flag lots shall also have continuous foundation planting. 17-4.4? Trash containers. Trash containers shall be shielded from view by opaque masonry or concrete walls (exclusive of that area needed for accessibility for trash removal) designed to be compatible with the principal building that it serves. Where accessibility is necessary and the trash container is visible from any public right-of-way or residential zoning district, an opaque gate shall be provided. All walls and gates shall be a minimum of six (6) feet in height. Where such walls are visible from any public right-of-way or residential zoning district, there shall be sufficient planting of evergreen shrubs along the exposed wall to give the effect of a continuous landscape planting. Evergreen shrubs shall have a minimum height of thirty-six (36) inches at time of installation. 17-4.5? Loading berth. In addition to the requirements of 15-6.1(a), where a loading berth is screened by a concrete or masonry wall, a planting space of four (4) foot minimum width along the expanse of the wall shall be required to create the effect of continuous planting. Evergreen plants which are expected to reach a height of six (6) feet or greater within three (3) growing seasons based on the latest edition of Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, by Michael A. Dirr, published by Stipes Publishing, L.L.C., Champaign, Illinois, shall be planted in the planting space. Plants shall be a minimum of thirty-six (36) inches at the time of installation. (Ord. No. 42,529, ? 1(Exh. A), 1-30-07)

Norfolk ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE III. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL ZONING DISTRICTS CHAPTER 17: LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS AND BUFFERS 17-5 Landscape requirements, parking lots. The intent of the planting requirements is to provide shade and screening for the parking area. Landscape requirements for parking lots shall be as follow: 17-5.1? Interior planting requirement. Any parking lot of ten (10) or more spaces shall be provided with ten (10) percent interior landscape planting area. Such interior landscape planting area shall be in addition to any perimeter landscape planting area required by section 17-5.3. 17-5.2 ?Landscape islands. Provide one (1) tree per 144 square feet of required interior landscape planting area. No island shall be less than sixteen (16) feet by eighteen (18) feet in size and must be spaced to provide an even distribution of shade. Linear islands are encouraged to provide continuous landscape planting areas and reduce pedestrian conflicts. If linear islands are included in the design, they shall have a minimum width of eight (8) to twelve (12) feet and one (1) tree per twenty-five (25) linear feet. The species selected should be capable of providing shade at maturity. Shrubbery, hedges and other plant materials may be used to complement the tree, but shall not be used in locations where they would be subject to damage by car overhangs or the opening of car doors. 17-5.3 Perimeter landscape planting areas. Any parking lot of four (4) or more spaces shall be required to provide perimeter landscape planting areas as follow: (a) Where the parking lot perimeter is adjacent to an abutting zoning lot: (1) A landscape planting area at least six (6) feet in width shall be located between the parking lot or any associated paved surfaces, and abutting property lines. Such planting area may be located within the buffer area required by section 17-8, below. (2) At least one tree for each twenty-five (25) linear feet, or portion thereof, shall be planted in the landscape planting area. (3) Fences and walls. 1. In addition to the required trees mentioned above, where a parking lot abuts an area which is zoned residential, there shall be a fence, wall, hedge, or other durable evergreen landscape barrier planted or installed to ensure adequate screening for the entire length of the parking lot along the abutting property line(s) behind the required front yard of such parking lot. The height of such evergreen landscape barrier shall be no less than four (4) feet at time of installation. The height of any fence or wall shall be between four (4) and six (6) feet in height in one-family residential and historic zoning districts and between six (6) feet and eight (8) feet in height in all other districts. 2. The finished side of any fence shall face the exterior of the property. If fence posts or supports are visible only from one side, then the opposite side shall be the finished side. 3. Any wall shall be constructed of one or more of the following materials: stucco over concrete block, exposed aggregate concrete, brick, stone, or architectural block. Other materials may be permitted with the approval of the Planning Director or his authorized designee whenever such other materials provide a similar level of opacity as the materials listed herein and are compatible with the architecture of the surrounding development. Under no circumstances shall walls constructed of plain concrete cinder block be permitted. 4. Where a nonliving barrier is constructed, there shall be at least one shrub for each three feet of nonliving barrier. Such shrubs shall be located between the barrier and the parking lot and may be planted in clusters if appropriate. 5. Specifications of any fences or walls shall be detailed on the landscape plans. (b) Where the perimeter is adjacent to a public right-of-way: (1) A landscape planting area a minimum of ten (10) feet in depth (exclusive of sidewalks or other walkways) shall be located between the parking lot and the property line. In corner side yards in the C-1 and C-2 Districts, the landscape planting area shall be a minimum of five (5) feet. (2) At least one (1) tree for each twenty-five (25) linear feet, or portion thereof, of the landscape planting area shall be planted within the landscape planting area; provided, however, that up to fifty (50) percent of the required trees may be placed elsewhere on the lot on recommendation of the department of neighborhood and leisure services in order to achieve a better landscape effect. Such trees shall be in addition to those required by section 17-4.2. (3) A landscape planting shall extend the entire length of the planting strip to screen the parking lot from the public right-of-way. This planting shall consist of evergreen shrubs; however, some deciduous shrubs and/or perennials may be accepted when their usage fulfills the screening requirement and enhances the aesthetic quality of the planting design, subject to the approval of the department of neighborhood and leisure services. (4) Shrubs specified to screen the parking area shall have a growth habit conducive to attaining a minimum height of thirty (30) inches within three (3) growing seasons. The latest edition of Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, by Michael A. Dirr, published by Stipes Publishing, L.L.C., Champaign, Illinois shall be the reference in determining growth habit. (5) Shrubs specified to screen the parking area shall be a minimum of eighteen (18) inches in height at time of installation. (6) A non-living, opaque screen may be used in combination with or in replacement of an ornamental planting. Non-living screening may be a berm or a low wall. The minimum height of a non-living screen shall be thirty (30) inches, measured from the top of the curb of the nearest adjacent parking area to the top of the berm or low wall, excluding columns or posts. (7) A non-living, non-opaque fence many be used in combination with ornamental plantings. These plantings shall meet the intent of the screening requirement in section 17-5.3(b)(3)?(5). (8) To ensure that landscape materials do not constitute a driving hazard, sight distance triangles as defined in Article 1, Chapter 2, shall be established at driveways and street intersections. (Ord. No. 42,529, ? 1(Exh. A), 1-30-07; Ord. No. 44,367, ? 5(Exh. E), 9-13-11) 17-6 Landscape requirements, parking garages. Landscape requirements for parking garages, including parking areas beneath occupied structures, shall be as follow: 17-6.1 ?Facades. All facades fronting on a public street or other public space shall have continuous foundation planting except where precluded by access to parking spaces located within or under the building or by building entrances. Visible parking areas beneath occupied structures shall be screened according to the requirements in 17-5.3(b). 17-6.2 ?Trees. For each twenty-five (25) feet of lot width, or portion thereof, there shall be at least one tree planted adjacent to a developed street. With the approval of the department of neighborhood and leisure services, frontage trees may be planted in side yards or tree belts. (Ord. No. 42,529, ? 1(Exh. A), 1-30-07) 17-7 Landscape requirement, automobile sales and service. Landscape requirements for automobile sales and service uses shall be as follow: 17-7.1 ?Buffer yards. There shall be a buffer yard minimally ten feet in width adjacent to all rights-of-way. Parking or storing of vehicles in buffer yards is prohibited. 17-7.2 ?Trees. At least one tree for each twenty-five (25) linear feet or portion thereof shall be planted in the landscape strip; provided, however, up to fifty (50) percent of the required trees may be placed elsewhere on the lot on recommendation of the department of neighborhood and leisure services in order to achieve a better landscape effect. 17-7.3 ?Shrubs. In addition to the required trees mentioned above, perimeter plantings within the buffer yard shall be required and shall conform to 17-5.3(b). With the approval of the department of neighborhood and leisure services, clustering of shrubs will be permitted in order to provide greater design flexibility based on landscape requirements. ? (Ord. No. 42,529, ? 1(Exh. A), 1-30-07)

Norfolk ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE III. REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL ZONING DISTRICTS CHAPTER 17: LANDSCAPE PLANTINGS AND BUFFERS 17-8 Buffer yards for nonresidential uses adjacent to residential uses. Where a nonresidential district abuts a residential district the following buffers shall be required. 17-8.1 ?Extent of buffer yard. Where a nonresidential district abuts a residential district, a buffer yard shall be maintained on the nonresidential lot along the abutting property lines. The extent of the buffer yard shall conform to the requirements of the following sections: (a) Commercial districts, see section 6-0.3(f). (b) Industrial districts, see section 7-0.3(d). (c) Institutional District (IN-1), see section 10-2.5. (d) Institutional Campus District (IN-2), see sections 10-3.6. 17-8.2? Trees. The buffer yard shall contain at least one tree for every four hundred (400) square feet of buffer yard area. The remainder of the buffer yard shall be planted in shrubs, grass, and/or flowers. ? (Ord. No. 42,529, ? 1(Exh. A), 1-30-07; Ord. No. 44,367, ? 6(Exh. F), 9-13-11)

Norfolk ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE V. AMENDMENTS AND SPECIAL APPROVALS CHAPTER 26: SITE PLAN REVIEW 26-13 Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. Plan submission requirements in a Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area (CBPA) shall conform to the provisions of section 26-13.1 or section 26-13.2 as defined below: ? 26-13.4? Landscape plan; additional requirements for Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas. A landscape plan shall be submitted for approval in conjunction with the CBPA major site plan review process. In addition to the requirements of Article III, Chapter 17, section 17-3 the plan shall also include the following: (a) Within the buffer area, trees to be removed for sight lines, vistas, and access paths shall be shown on the plan. Vegetation required by Chapter 45 of the City Code to replace any existing trees within the buffer area shall also be shown on the landscape plan. (b) Trees to be removed for shoreline stabilization projects and any replacement vegetation required by this section shall be shown on the landscape plan. (c) The plan shall depict grade changes or other work adjacent to trees which would affect them adversely. Specifications shall be provided as to how grade, drainage, and aeration would be maintained around trees to be preserved. (d) The landscape plan shall includes specifications for the protection of existing trees during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 45 of the City Code. (e) Where areas to be preserved, as designated on an approved landscape plan, are encroached, replacement of existing trees and other vegetation shall be in accordance with Chapter 45 of the City Code. ? 26-13.6? Water quality impact assessment. A water quality impact assessment shall be required for any development except those uses exempt from the stormwater management requirements in section 42.5-7(f) of the City Code, which (1) exceeds 5,000 square feet of land disturbance or land disturbing activity within Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas and requires any modification or reduction of the landward fifty (50) feet of the 100-foot buffer area; (2) disturbs any portion of any other component of a resource protection area or disturbs any portion of the buffer area within fifty (50) feet of any other component of a resource protection area; or (3) is located in a resource management area and is deemed necessary by the director. The information required in this section shall be considered a minimum, unless the director determines that some of the elements are unnecessary due to the scope and nature of the proposed use and development of land or when the elements of the assessment are duplicative of information submitted in other required plans under this article. The following elements shall be included in the preparation and submission of a water quality assessment: ? (c) A landscape element that in addition to the requirements under section 26-13.4 includes a description of the potential measures for mitigation. Possible mitigation measures include: (1) Replanting schedule for trees and other significant vegetation removed for construction, including a list of possible plants and trees to be used. (2) Demonstration that the design of the plan will preserve to the greatest extent possible any significant trees and vegetation on the site and will provide maximum erosion control and overland flow benefits from such vegetation. (3) Demonstration that indigenous plants are to be used to the greatest extent possible. ? (Ord. No. 39,339, ? 1, 10-20-98; Ord. No. 41,544, ? 1, 8-24-04; Ord. No. 41,722, ?? 11?13, 2-15-05; Ord. No. 45,531, ? 2?(Exh. F), 5-13-14, eff. 7-1-14)

Petersburg City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 122 WATERWAYS ARTICLE II. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREAS DIVISION 2. APPLICATION Subdivision II. Performance Standards Sec. 122-77. General performance standards for development and redevelopment. (a) Land disturbance shall be limited to the area necessary to provide for the proposed use or development. (1) In accordance with an approved site plan, the limits of land disturbance, including clearing or grading, shall be strictly defined by the construction footprint. These limits shall be clearly shown on submitted plans and physically marked on the development site. (2) Ingress and egress during construction shall be limited to one access point, unless otherwise approved by the city director of public works. (b) Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the use or development proposed and in accordance with the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. (1) Existing trees six inches in diameter or greater at breast height shall be preserved outside the construction footprint. However, trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury may be removed, as approved by the city director of public works. (2) Clearing shall be allowed only to provide necessary access, positive site drainage, water quality BMPs, and the installation of utilities, as approved by the city director of public works. (3) Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protective barriers, such as safety fencing, shall be erected five feet outside the dripline of any tree or stand of trees to be preserved. These protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barriers. ? (Code 1981, ? 9.5-11(b); Ord. No. 04-51, 6-15-2004; Ord. No. 05-76, 9-6-2005; Ord. No. 08-103, ? 2, 11-18-2008) Sec. 122-78. Buffer area. (a) To minimize the adverse effects of human activities on the other components of resource protection areas, state waters, and aquatic life, a 100-foot buffer area of vegetation that is effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff shall be retained if present and established where it does not exist if erosion problems are evident. (b) The buffer area shall be located adjacent to and landward of other RPA component and along both sides of any water bodies with perennial flow. The full buffer area shall be designated as the landward component of the RPA, in accordance with section 122-51 and subdivision III of this division. (c) The 100-foot buffer area shall be deemed to achieve a 75 percent reduction of sediments and a 40 percent reduction of nutrients. (d) The buffer area shall be maintained to meet the following additional performance standards: (1) In order to maintain the functional value of the buffer area, indigenous vegetation may be removed, subject to local approval by the director of public works, only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and BMPs, including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: a. Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. B. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. C. Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery may be removed and thinning of trees may be allowed, pursuant to sound horticultural practice incorporated into locally adopted standards; d. For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. ? (Code 1981, ? 9.5-11?; Ord. No. 04-51, 6-15-2004)

Portsmouth City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 9.1 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREA OVERLAY DISTRICT Sec. 9.1-10. Performance standards. (a) Purpose and intent. The performance standards establish the means to minimize erosion and sedimentation potential, reduce land application of nutrients and toxics, and maximize rainwater infiltration. Natural groundcover, especially woody vegetation, is most effective in holding soil in place and preventing site erosion. Indigenous vegetation, with its adaptability to local conditions without the use of harmful fertilizers or pesticides, filters stormwater runoff. Minimizing impervious cover enhances rainwater infiltration and effectively reduces stormwater runoff potential. The purpose and intent of these requirements are also to implement the following objectives: prevent a net increase in nonpoint source pollution from new development; achieve a ten percent reduction in nonpoint source pollution from development on previously developed land where the runoff was not treated by one or more water quality best management practices; and achieve a 40 percent reduction in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural uses. (b) General performance standards for development and redevelopment. (1) Land development, redevelopment, or disturbance shall be limited to the minimum area necessary to provide for the proposed use or development. a. The submitted site plan shall indicate the limits of the proposed land disturbance, including areas for clearing or grading and shall be limited to the minimum area necessary to provide for the construction footprint. These limits shall be clearly shown on submitted plan and physically marked on the development site. b. Ingress and egress during construction shall be limited to one access point. (2) Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the use or development proposed and in accordance with the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. a. Existing trees over two inches in diameter at breast height (DBH) shall be preserved outside the construction footprint. Diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury, as documented in writing to the director of planning by a landscape architect or a certified arborist who holds a current membership in either the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA), the Tree Care Industry Association, or the American Society of Consulting Arborists (ASCA), may be removed. b. Other woody vegetation onsite shall be preserved outside the approved construction footprint. c. Clearing shall be allowed only to provide necessary access, positive site drainage, water quality BMPs, and the installation of utilities. (3) Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protective barriers, such as fencing of a type detailed in the Landscape Planting and Protection Manual, Portsmouth, Virginia shall be erected five feet outside of the dripline of any tree or stand of trees to be preserved. These protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barrier. (4) Land development, redevelopment or land disturbance which adds impervious cover shall minimize impervious cover to promote infiltration of stormwater into the ground consistent with the proposed use or development. Pervious surfaces where soil conditions and/or water table permit shall be used for any parking area, maneuvering aisle, or other low traffic driveway. ? (c) Criteria RPAs. ? (5) Permitted modifications of the buffer area. In order to achieve the functional value of the buffer, existing vegetation may be removed, subject to approval by the city planning director, only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices, including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: a. Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for reasonable sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. B. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced as to effectively control erosion. C. Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds such as Johnson grass, kudzu and multiflora rose may be removed and thinning of trees may be allowed, pursuant to sound horticulture practice. D. For shoreline erosion projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. E. Flower and/or vegetable gardens, or similar amenity as long as no brush and/or trees are removed from the RPA. (6) Buffer area requirements for intensely developed areas. In the intensely developed area the director of planning may, after consulting with the city engineer, exercise discretion regarding whether to require the establishment of vegetation in the 100-foot-wide buffer area. However, while the immediate establishment of vegetation in the buffer area may be impractical, consideration to implementing measures that would establish vegetation in the buffer in these areas over time shall be considered in order to maximize water quality protection, pollutant removal and water resource conservation. (Code 1988, ? 9.1-10; Ord. No. 2004-02, ? 1, 1-13-2004; Ord. No. 2005-04, ? 2, 1-11-2005; Ord. No. 2009-88, ? 1, 8-25-2009)

Portsmouth City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 9.1 CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREA OVERLAY DISTRICT Sec. 9.1-11. Plan of development process. Any land disturbance, development or redevelopment exceeding 2,500 square feet of land disturbance shall be accomplished through a plan of development process prior to any clearing or grading of the site or the issuance of any building permit, to assure compliance with all applicable requirements of this chapter. Notwithstanding the provisions above, no clearing or grading of any lot or parcel shall be permitted without an approved clearing plan. For existing single-family lots, a clearing line shown on the plat plan normally submitted as part of the building permit application shall satisfy clearing plan requirements. No clearing or grading shall occur on existing single-family lots until a complete building permit application is approved. ? (3) Landscaping plan. A landscaping plan shall be submitted in conjunction with site plan approval or as part of subdivision plat approval. No clearing or grading of any lot or parcel shall be permitted without a prior approved landscaping plan. Landscaping plans shall be prepared and certified by design professionals practicing within their areas of competence as prescribed by the Code of Virginia. a. Contents of the plan. 1. The landscaping plan shall be drawn to scale and clearly delineate the location, size, and description of existing and proposed plant material. All existing trees on the site two inches or greater DBH shall be shown on the landscaping plan. Where there are groups of five or more trees, stands may be outlined instead. The specific number of trees two inches or greater DBH to be preserved outside of the construction footprint shall be indicated on the plan. Trees to be removed shall be clearly delineated on the landscaping plan. The plan shall be consistent with chapter 36, article III of this Code. 2. Any required buffer area shall be clearly delineated and any plant material to be added to establish or supplement the buffer area, as required by this chapter, shall be shown on the landscaping plan. 3. Within the buffer area, trees to be removed for sight lines, vistas, access paths, and best management practices, as provided for in this chapter, shall be shown on the plan. Vegetation required by this chapter to replace any existing trees within the buffer area shall also be shown on the landscaping plan. 4. Trees to be removed for shoreline stabilization projects and any replacement vegetation required by this chapter shall be shown on the landscaping plan. 5. The plan shall depict grade changes or other work adjacent to trees, which would affect them adversely. Specifications shall be provided as to how grade, drainage, and aeration would be maintained around trees to be preserved. 6. The landscaping plan will include specifications for the protection existing trees during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction, consistent with such measures as described in the Landscape Planting and Protection Manual, Portsmouth, Virginia. b. Plant specifications. 1. All plant materials necessary to supplement the buffer area or vegetated areas outside the construction footprint shall be installed in accordance with the specifications referred to in subsection 36-52(9). 2. All supplementary or replacement plant materials shall be living and in a healthy condition. Plant materials shall conform to the standards of the most recent edition of the American Standard for Nursery Stock, published by the American Association of Nurserymen. 3. Where areas to be preserved, as designated on an approved landscaping plan, are encroached, replacement of existing trees and other vegetation will be achieved at a ratio of three planted trees to one removed. Replacement trees shall be a minimum of one and one-half inches DBH at the time of planting. c. Maintenance. The applicant shall be responsible for the maintenance and replacement of all vegetation as may be required by the provisions of this chapter. In buffer areas and areas outside the construction footprint, plant material shall be tended and maintained in a healthy growing condition and free from refuse and debris. Unhealthy, dying, or dead plant materials shall be replaced during the next planting season, as required by the provisions of this chapter. ? (6) Water quality impact assessment. ? d. Major water quality impact assessment. A major water quality impact assessment shall be required for any development which: (i) exceeds 5,000 square feet of land disturbance within an RPA; or (ii) is located in a RMA and is deemed necessary by the city engineer. The information required in this section shall be considered a minimum. The following elements shall be included in the preparation and submission of a major water quality assessment: ? 3. A landscape element that describes the proposed measures for mitigation of the water quality and land impacts within CBPAs. Possible mitigation measures include: (i) Replanting schedule for trees and other significant vegetation removed for construction, in accordance with section 36-52 of the City Code. (ii) Demonstration that the design of the plan will preserve to the greatest extent possible any significant trees and vegetation on the site and will provide maximum erosion control and overland flow benefits from such vegetation. (iii) Demonstration that indigenous plants are to be used to the greatest extent possible. ? ? (Code 1988, ? 9.1-11; Ord. No. 2004-02, ? 1, 1-13-2004; Ord. No. 2005-04, ? 2, 1-11-2005; Ord. No. 2006-87, ? 1, 9-26-2006; Ord. No. 2009-88, ? 1, 8-25-2009)

Portsmouth ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCES ARTICLE 40.1-3: ZONING DISTRICTS 40.1-3.5 ACTIVITY CENTER (AC) ZONING DISTRICTS ? (E) Procedure Applications for establishment of an AC district shall be reviewed as an amendment to the Official Zoning Map in accordance with Section 40.1-2.3(A), Zoning Map Amendment (Rezoning) or Text Amendment, and the following standards: ? (2) Statement Design Standard Required In addition to a master plan, applications for an AC district shall also provide a statement of design standards in the form of graphics and explanatory text illustrating how buildings, circulation systems, landscaping, and other elements of the master plan will meet the general and district-specific standards of the AC district and other relevant requirements in this Ordinance. The statement of design standards shall, at a minimum, address all of the following: ? (g) Street tree planting, landscaping, and drainage; ? (F) General Standards for All Activity Center Districts ? (8) Street Trees (a) Except where topographic or other conditions make it impractical, street trees shall be located: (i) Along both sides of all streets; (ii) Between the curb and the sidewalk; (iii) Within appropriately-sized tree lawns or tree pits; and (iv) With a maximum on-center spacing of 40 feet. (b) Except beneath overhead utilities, street trees shall be canopy trees. ? ?

Portsmouth ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCES ARTICLE 40.1-3: ZONING DISTRICTS 40.1-3.6 SPECIAL BASE ZONING DISTRICTS ? (B) Waterfront (WF) District ? (5) Development Standards ? (e) Streetscapes Buildings along streets shall form a consistent line of building facades, relative to the street edge. Street trees, sidewalks and pedestrian-scaled lighting of no greater than 14 feet in height shall be included in streetscape areas to create a comfortable walking environment. Pedestrian amenities (such as benches) shall be consistent with city standards for outdoor furniture downtown and shall also be provided, as appropriate, throughout the development site. (f) Street Trees Street trees shall be located in tree pits or tree lawns established between the curb and the sidewalk along all streets except alleys. The distance between street trees shall be determined by the design of the development, as needed to provide an integrated landscaped theme. Spacing and tree selection shall reflect the district?s urban character and enhance views of the waterfront and downtown areas. ? ? ?

Portsmouth ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCES ARTICLE 40.1-5: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS 40.1-5.1 OFF-STREET PARKING, LOADING, AND CIRCULATION ? (M) Vehicular Circulation ? (7) Primary Drive Aisles Primary drive aisles within off-street surface parking lots with 400 or more spaces shall be designed to appear as an extension of the public street network extending from the public right-of-way along the full length of the primary facades of structures being served by the drive, and shall meet the following standards: ? (d) Street trees shall be provided along both sides of the primary drive aisle every 50 feet, although understory trees may be used adjacent to the building fa?ade within 40 feet of building entrances. ?

Portsmouth ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCES ARTICLE 40.1-5: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS 40.1-5.2 LANDSCAPING AND SCREENING (A) Section Organization These landscaping standards are organized into eight main sub-sections: (1) Section 40.1-5.2(B), Purpose and Intent, sets out the purpose and intent for the standards; (2) Section 40.1-5.2(C), General Requirements for Landscaping, includes the applicability provisions, requirements for landscaping plans, and standards for new plantings; (3) Section 40.1-5.2(D), Vehicular Use Area Landscaping, includes the standards for landscaping around the perimeter and within vehicular use areas; (4) Section 40.1-5.2(E), Perimeter Buffers, includes the landscaping buffer standards applied to the edges of some base zoning districts; (5) Section 40.1-5.2(F), Screening, includes the screening requirements for site features like refuse, loading, and service areas; (6) Section 40.1-5.2(G), Site Landscaping, includes the standards for foundation plantings around some buildings; (7) Section 40.1-5.2(H), Alternative Landscaping Plan, includes the procedures and standards for review of alternative landscaping plans; and (8) Section 40.1-5.2(I), Other Landscaping Standards, includes the other standards for landscaping installation, timing, maintenance, monitoring for compliance, and incentives. (B) Purpose and Intent It is the purpose of this section to promote and protect the public health, safety and general welfare by providing for the planting, maintenance, and preservation of trees, shrubs, and other plants within the city. The intent of this section is to promote this purpose by: (1) Ensuring and encouraging the planting, maintenance, restoration and survival of trees, shrubs, and groundcover; (2) Ensuring the protection of community residents and visitors from personal injury and property damage, and the protection of the city from property damage, caused or threatened by the improper planting, maintenance or removal of trees, shrubs, or other plants; (3) Mitigating against erosion and sedimentation; (4) Reducing stormwater runoff and the costs associated therewith; (5) Preserving and protecting the water table and surface waters; (6) Reducing audible noise from automobiles and land uses; (7) Restoring soils and land denuded as a result of construction or grading; (8) Increasing the tree canopy to provide shade and moderate the effect of urban heat islands; (9) Limiting glare created by exterior lighting; (10) Reducing visual pollution from the urban environment and increasing privacy between incompatible uses; (11) Protecting and enhancing property values and aesthetic qualities; (12) Helping to differentiate streets and other areas of the public realm from private lands; (13) Providing additional improvements to air quality through the carbon dioxide uptake process provided by trees and landscaping; and (14) Providing visual screening, where appropriate. (C) General Requirements for Landscaping (1) Applicability of Landscaping Standards (a) General Except where exempted by Section 40.1-5.2(C)(1)(c), Exemptions, these standards shall apply to all development in the city. (b) Review for Compliance Review for compliance with the standards of this section shall occur during review of a Development Plan (Section 40.1-2.3 (C) & (D)), Preliminary Subdivision Plat (Chapter 33.1 of the City Code), Master Plan associated with an Amendment to the Zoning Map to establish a new AC district (Section 40.1-3.5(B)), or Zoning Compliance Permit (Section 40.1-2.3(F)), as appropriate. (c) Exemptions Development in the D1 and D2 districts in addition to the general requirements applicable to all landscaping and screening set forth in this article, shall comply with the regulations of the sections found in Appendix sections 1 and 2 where they apply. The more restrictive regulations shall apply in cases of conflict. (d) Landscape Plan (i) To ensure compliance with the standards of this section, a landscape plan demonstrating how landscaping will be planted on a development site shall be included as a part of any application an Development Plan (Section 40.1-2.3(C) & (D)), Preliminary Subdivision Plat (Chapter 33.1 of the City Code), Master Plan associated with an Amendment to the Zoning Map to establish a new AC district (Section 40.1-3.5(B)), or Zoning Compliance Permit (Section 40.1-2.3(F)), as appropriate. (ii) New developments not required to provide landscaping (e.g., new single-family detached residential development adjacent to existing single-family detached residential development) are exempt from the requirement to provide a landscape plan. (2) Planting Standards Plantings provided in accordance with this section shall comply with the following standards: (a) Deciduous and evergreen canopy or shade trees shall be a minimum of two inches in caliper at the time of planting, as determined in the American Standard for Nursery Stock, ANSI Z60.1-2004, as amended, and shall be a minimum of eight feet in height above ground level at the time of planting. (b) Understory, small maturing, or ornamental trees shall have a caliper of one-and-one-half inches at time of planting, as determined in the American Standard for Nursery Stock, ANSI Z60.1-2004, as amended, and shall be a minimum of six feet in height above ground level at the time of planting. (c) Deciduous or evergreen shrubs shall be upright in nature and be a minimum of 24 inches in height at the time of planting. (d) In cases where an aggregate caliper inch (ACI) requirement is utilized to derive a required amount of vegetation, and the ACI figure includes a fraction, an applicant may: (i) Utilize a tree or trees with a caliper inch measurement exceeding the minimum size at time of planting standard of this subsection in order to meet the required ACI; or (ii) Round the ACI figure upwards until the figure corresponds with a whole number of trees meeting the minimum size at time of planting standard. When trees exceeding the minimum size at time of planting standard are proposed, the minimum calipers of such trees shall be clearly noted on the Master Plan, Development Plan, or Preliminary Subdivision Plat, as appropriate. (e) In cases where application of the requirements in this subsection result in a fraction in the number of shrubs to be provided, the minimum number of shrubs or trees to be provided shall be rounded upwards to the next highest whole number. (f) All landscape plant materials shall conform to the latest version of the American Standard of Nursery Stock (ANSI Z60.1, as amended). Plant material shall be of standard quality or better, 1 to name and type of species or variety. (g) The use of native, drought tolerant vegetation is encouraged to reduce dependency upon irrigation. (h) To curtail the spread of disease or insect infestation in a plant species, new tree plantings shall comply with the following standards: (i) When fewer than 20 trees are required on a site, at least two different species shall be utilized, in roughly equal proportions. (ii) When more than 20 but fewer than 40 trees are required to be planted on site, at least three different species shall be utilized, in roughly equal proportions. (iii) When 40 or more trees are required on a site, at least four different species shall be utilized, in roughly equal proportions. (iv) Nothing in this subsection shall be cons1d so as to prevent the utilization of a larger number of different species than specified above. (i) All planting materials shall correspond to the city?s approved plant materials, unless alternative materials are proposed as part of an alternative landscape plan (See Section 40.1-5.2(H), Alternative Landscape Plan). (3) Existing Vegetation Existing healthy, well-formed canopy and understory trees as well as healthy shrubs shall be credited toward the requirements of this section, provided the vegetation meets the minimum size standards of this Ordinance, and is protected before and during development of the site in accordance with Section 40.1-5.3(B), Tree Protection During Construction, and maintained thereafter in a healthy growing condition. (4) Stabilization All required landscape planting areas shall be stabilized and maintained with lawn, ground covers, mulches, or other approved materials to prevent soil erosion and allow rainwater infiltration. (5) Berms All berms shall comply with the following design standards: (a) The slope of all berms shall not exceed a two-to-one (2:1) ratio (horizontal to vertical), shall have a top width at least one-half the berm height, and a maximum height of four feet above the toe of the berm. (b) All berms, regardless of size, shall be stabilized with a ground cover or other suitable vegetation. (c) Berms proposed to be placed along street right-of-way shall be designed and constructed to provide adequate sight distances at intersections and shall not impair safe operation of vehicles. (d) Berms shall in no case damage the roots or trunks of existing healthy vegetation designated to be preserved. (6) Easements Nothing except groundcover shall be planted or installed within any underground or overhead utility, drainage, gas easement, or within five feet of a fire protection system without the consent of the utility provider, easement holder, or the city, as appropriate. (D) Vehicular Use Area Landscaping Except where exempted by Section 40.1-5.2(D)(1), Exemptions, all vehicular use areas shall include landscaping both within the interior of the vehicular use area and around its perimeter, as a means of mitigating the parking area?s microclimate and visual impacts. (1) Exemptions The following uses shall be exempt from the requirements to provide vehicular use area landscaping: (a) Single-family detached residential development; (b) Two- to four-family dwellings; and (c) Off-street surface vehicular use areas with four or fewer spaces. (2) Interior Landscaping Standards All vehicular use areas shall provide and maintain landscaped planting areas within the interior of the vehicular use area in accordance with the standards in this subsection. These standards shall not apply to parking structures or vehicle display areas. (a) Configuration Interior planting areas shall be designed in accordance with the following standards: (i) Islands shall be located at the end of parking bays and have a minimum size of 153 square feet for single loaded parking bays, and a minimum size of 306 square feet for double loaded bays. (ii) Off-street surface parking areas with 100 or more spaces shall be organized into a series of modules of 15,000 square feet or less per module, and be visually separated by eleven-foot-wide continuous landscaped islands containing pedestrian pathways located at least every six parking bays (see Figure 40.1-5.1(D)(2): Interior Planting Configuration). (iii) No single row of parking spaces shall exceed 12 spaces without including an island. (iv) Landscaped planting areas shall be distributed throughout the parking area for the purpose of heat abatement. (v) Driveway and primary drive aisle medians shall have a minimum width of four feet for medians with shrubs and six feet for medians with shrubs and understory trees. (vi) Each interior planting island shall contain at least one canopy or understory tree per every 153 square feet, or portion thereof, of the total landscape island area. (vii) Shrubs shall be planted within landscaping islands at a minimum rate necessary to ensure that at least 25 percent of the total land area occupied by landscaping islands is planted with shrubs. (b) Screened Backfill Soil utilized in vehicular use area islands, driveway medians, and other areas internal to a vehicular use area shall be screened prior to deposition in planting areas. (c) Protection of Planting Areas All planting areas shall be protected from vehicle damage by the installation of curbing, wheel stops, or other comparable methods. This standard shall not prohibit the use of planting areas as on-site stormwater management devices. (3) Perimeter Landscaping Standards Where a vehicular use area serving a use subject to these standards abuts a street right-of-way, vacant land, or any other development (except another vehicular use area), perimeter landscaping strips shall be provided and maintained between the vehicle use area and the abutting right-of-way or property line in accordance with the following standards. (a) Location (i) Perimeter landscaping strips shall be located on the same land where the vehicular use area is located, and shall be placed to assure visibility and safety of pedestrians on the public street, as well as those within the vehicular use area. (ii) Perimeter landscaping strips may not be placed within future street rights-of-way as identified in the Master Transportation Plan. (b) Minimum Width When a vehicular use area is located within 50 feet of a street right-of-way, the perimeter landscaping shall be located within a planting strip at least ten feet wide. In all other instances, the strip shall be the minimum width necessary to assure required landscaping is not damaged by vehicles or other on-site activity. In no instance shall the strip be less than three feet wide. (c) Continuous, Opaque Visual Screen Required Perimeter landscaping for vehicular use areas shall form a continuous, opaque visual screen, excluding required sight clearances at driveways. The perimeter landscaping strip shall meet all city, state, and federal highway sight distance standards. (d) Protection of Landscaping Strip The perimeter landscaping strip shall be protected from vehicular damage by the installation of curbing, wheel stops, extra width in the landscaping strip, or other method approved by the Planning Director. Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the configuration of vehicular use area landscaping as a stormwater management device. (e) Required Materials (i) In cases where the visual screen is comprised of vegetation, evergreen shrubs shall be used to form the continuous, opaque visual screen in the perimeter landscaping strip. (ii) A decorative fence or wall with a minimum transparency of 50 percent or more may be substituted for the evergreen shrubs (see Figure 40.1-5.1(D)(2): Alternative Perimeter Screening). In no instance shall chain link fencing qualify as decorative fencing for the purpose of providing vehicular use area landscaping. (iii) In addition to the evergreen shrub requirements, each perimeter landscaping strip shall include at least eight aggregate caliper inches (ACI) of canopy trees per 100 linear feet of landscaping strip. Understory trees may be used beneath overhead utilities. (f) Minimum Height (i) Shrubs associated with the perimeter landscaping shall be maintained at a minimum height of at least three feet above the surface elevation of the adjacent vehicular use area pavement within four years of planting. (ii) Fences or walls used in-lieu of shrubs shall maintain a height of 48 inches above the adjacent grade, except where there is a requirement for a lower height because the fence or wall is located within a sight triangle. (g) Adjacent to Perimeter Buffers Perimeter landscape strips associated with a vehicle use area may be credited towards perimeter buffer standards (See Section 40.1-5.2(E), Perimeter Buffers), provided the minimum buffer standards of this section are met. (h) Adjacent to Off-Street Surface Parking on Other Lots Where two or more off-street surface vehicular use areas are located adjacent to one another, but upon different lots, no perimeter landscaping strip shall be required between the two vehicular use areas. (i) Stormwater Management Generally (i) The location of Stormwater retention and detention ponds shall be in accordance with this section for all development, except single family lots. Slight swales used to channel water to another portion of the lot or bio-retention swales, filters and basins are not regulated by this section. (ii) Only Stormwater retention and detention facilities below ground shall be located in between the building and any street. (iii) Stormwater retention ponds not designed and landscaped as a site amenity shall be fully screened from off-site views. (iv) Landscape plantings may be used to increase infiltration and decrease runoff. Alternative designs, such as landscaping islands configured with a lower grade than adjacent parking, or rain gardens are encouraged. (4) Incentives The total aggregate caliper inch requirements for canopy and understory trees in this subsection may be reduced by five percent when: (a) At least 65 percent of the provided parking is located to the side or rear of the building; (b) At least 30 percent of the total required parking is subject to a shared parking agreement (See Section 40.1-5.1(J)(2), Shared Parking; and (c) When pervious parking surfacing is used for 20 percent or more of the total vehicular use area. Nothing shall prohibit the combination of these incentives or the resulting cumulative reduction in the amount of required tree ACI. (E) Perimeter Buffers (1) Purpose and Intent Perimeter landscape buffers are intended to mitigate potential negative effects of different contiguous uses. (2) Applicability Except for single-family detached residential uses and uses in the D1 and D2 districts, all development shall provide a perimeter landscape buffer to separate it from uses in a different use classification in accordance with Table 40.1-5.2(E)(3), Buffer Types, and Table 40.1-5.2(E)(4), Buffer Type Application. (3) Types of Buffers Table 40.1-5.2(E)(3), Buffer Types, describes four different buffering types in terms of their function, opacity, width, and planting requirements. Where a particular buffer type is required in Table 40.1-5.2(E)(4), Buffer Type Application, the requirement may be met with the combination of minimum buffer width and minimum screening requirements specified under either Option 1 or Option 2. Where an option utilizing a fence or wall is selected, the fence or wall shall comply with the standards of Section 40.1-5.10, Fences and Walls. (4) Buffer Type Application Table 40.1-5.2(E)(4), Buffer Type Application, specifies the type of perimeter landscape buffer that new development shall provide between it and adjacent property, based on the zoning district of the development site and that of the adjacent property. The buffer type is indicated by a letter corresponding to one of the four buffer types depicted in Table 40.1-5.2(E)(3), Buffer Types. (5) Location of Buffers (a) Perimeter buffers required by this section shall be located only along the outer perimeter of the parcel where it abuts another parcel, and shall extend to the parcel boundary line or right-of-way line. (b) Perimeter buffers are not required along lot lines abutting streets, except as needed to screen outdoor industrial operations or storage on lots in an industrial district. Industrial uses with outdoor operations or storage components shall include perimeter buffers as necessary to screen outdoor use areas from off-site views. (c) A perimeter buffer may be located along shared access easements between parcels in nonresidential developments. (6) Responsibility for Buffer Installation Where a developing parcel is adjacent to an existing use and a perimeter buffer is required in accordance with this section, the developing parcel shall provide the full perimeter buffer required adjacent to the existing use in accordance with Table 40.1-5.2(E)(3) Buffer Types, and Table 40.1-5.2(E)(4), Buffer Type Application, unless a portion or all of a perimeter buffer that complies with the standards of this section already exists between the lots. Where all or part of a perimeter buffer exists, but the buffer does not fully comply with the standards of this section, the developing parcel shall be responsible for providing all the additional planting material necessary to meet the standards of this section. (7) Development within Required Buffers (a) The required buffer shall not contain any development, impervious surfaces, or site features (except fences or walls) that do not function to meet the standards of this section or that require removal of existing vegetation, unless otherwise permitted in this Ordinance. (b) Sidewalks, trails, and other elements associated with passive recreation may be placed in perimeter buffers if all required landscaping is provided and damage to existing vegetation is minimized to the maximum extent practicable. (c) Overhead and underground utilities required or allowed by the city are permitted to cross a required buffer in a perpendicular fashion, but shall minimize the impact to vegetation to the maximum extent practicable. Where required landscaping material is damaged or removed due to utility activity within a required buffer, the landowner shall be responsible for replanting all damaged or removed vegetation necessary to ensure the buffer meets the standards in this Ordinance. (8) Sight Triangles No fencing, berms, walls, or other landscaping features may exceed 36 inches above grade within required sight triangles for streets, alleys, or driveways(See Section 4.1-8.2(C)(4). (9) Credit for Existing Vegetation Existing vegetation meeting the size standards of Section 40.1-5.2(C)(2), Planting Standards, located within the perimeter buffer area may be preserved and credited toward the perimeter buffer standards. ? (G) Site Landscaping (1) Purpose and Intent Site landscaping material is intended to soften the visual impact of building foundations and provide for the even dispersal of trees across a development site. (2) Distinguished from Other Required Landscaping Site landscaping, for the purpose of this section, is landscaping that is not: (a) Required vehicular use area landscaping; (b) Located within a required perimeter buffer strip; or (c) Required screening. (3) Site Landscaping Standards Except for single-family detached residential and two- to four-family dwellings, site landscaping shall be required for all development, and shall be supplied in the amounts identified in Table 40.1-5.2(G)(3), Required Site Landscaping Plantings. Site landscaping shall meet the minimum size standards for new planting specified in Section 40.1-5.2(C)(2), Planting Standards. (4) Shrub Placement Required shrubs shall be placed around the building perimeter, a minimum of three feet from the building, with emphasis placed on building foundations visible from the public right-of-way. Required shrubs may be planted up to 15 feet from the building provided there is a sidewalk located between the planting area and the building wall. (5) Tree Placement Trees serving as site landscaping shall be dispersed across a site in accordance with good planting practice and the following priority listing: (a) In yards between a building fa?ade and a street right-of-way where no vehicular use area landscaping is required; (b) Between a building and an adjacent lot with an existing use that provides more than 50 percent of the vegetative material associated with a required perimeter buffer; (c) Between a building fa?ade and an abutting lot with the same or a more intense zoning district classification (where no perimeter buffering is required); (d) Within open-space set-aside areas with no existing or reforested trees; (e) Adjacent to on-site areas of pedestrian or vehicular circulation where no other vegetative material is required (e.g., drive-throughs or stacking lanes); or (f) Other areas near accessory structures or accessory uses. ?

Portsmouth ZONING ORDINANCES View whole ordinance
ZONING ORDINANCES ARTICLE 40.1-5: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS 40.1-5.6 COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS ? (F) General Commercial Standards Except otherwise noted, these general commercial standards are intended to apply for all commercial development in the city. ? (3) Street Trees (a) Buildings subject to the standards in this section shall provide canopy trees along all street frontages (except alleys) located between the curb and sidewalk, or within five feet of the right-of-way when no sidewalk exists. (b) Street trees shall be placed a maximum of 40 feet on-center. (c) Understory trees may be used in cases where overhead utilities will remain after development is complete. ?

Roanoke City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 36.2 ZONING ARTICLE 6. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS DIVISION 3. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 36.2-630. General development standards. The provision and location of all pedestrian and vehicular traffic related facilities, including sidewalks, curbs and gutters, street trees, street lighting, frontage roads, and acceleration and deceleration lanes, shall be as required by the Agent to the Planning Commission, provided that the property's development directly generates the need for such infrastructure and provided further that the infrastructure required is in proportion to the level of need generated by the development. Such determination by the Agent shall be based upon a quantifiable need documented by analysis of existing and post-development conditions, such as traffic or drainage studies. (Ord. No. 40088, ? 1, 10-20-14)

Roanoke City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 36.2 ZONING DIVISION 1. RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS ARTICLE 3. REGULATIONS FOR SPECIFIC ZONING DISTRICTS Sec. 36.2-312. Dimensional regulations for residential districts. District: Tree canopy coverage (Min. percent of lot areas) RA: 20 R-12: 20 R-7: 20 R-5: 20 R-3: 15 RM-1: 15 RM-2: 10 RMF: 10 (Ord. No. 39122, ? 1, 5-16-11; Ord. No. 40088, ? 1, 10-20-14; Ord. No. 40296, ? 1, 7-6-15)

Roanoke City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 36.2 ZONING DIVISION 2. MULTIPLE PURPOSE DISTRICTS Sec. 36.2-316. Dimensional regulations for multiple purpose districts. District: Tree canopy coverage (Percent of lot areas) MX: 10 CN: 0 CG: 10 CLS: 10 D: 0 IN: 10 ROS: 20 UF: 0 (Ord. No. 39122, ? 1, 5-16-11; Ord. No. 39495, ? 1, 9-4-12; Ord. No. 40296, ? 1, 7-6-15)

Roanoke City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 36.2 ZONING DIVISION 3. INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS Sec. 36.2-323. Dimensional regulations for industrial districts. District: Tree canopy coverage (Min. percent of lot areas) I-1: 10 I-2: 0 AD: 0 (Ord. No. 39122, ? 1, 5-16-11; Ord. No. 39495, ? 1, 9-4-12)

Roanoke City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 36.2 ZONING DIVISION 5. OVERLAY DISTRICTS Sec. 36.2-334. Airport Navigation Overlay District (AN). ? (i) Applicability of regulations to pre-existing structures, uses, or vegetation. ? (2) The owner of any structure, vegetation, or use which existed prior to August 29, 1966, or where applicable prior to the effective date of any subsequent amendment to this section, and which is inconsistent with or in violation of this section or an amendment thereto, shall be required, as a condition of the continued maintenance of such structure, tree, or use, to permit any mitigation procedures deemed necessary including, without limitation, the City's installation, operation, and maintenance thereon of such markers and lights as shall be deemed necessary by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) so as to indicate the presence of such object or hazardous use to operators of aircraft in the vicinity of the airport. Such markers and lights shall be installed, operated, and maintained at the expense of the City and not of such owner. ? ?

Roanoke City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 36.2 ZONING DIVISION 5. OVERLAY DISTRICTS Sec. 36.2-335. - River and Creek Corridors Overlay District (RCC). ? (e) Riparian buffer standards. ? (4) Removal of vegetation within the required riparian buffer area shall be permitted only in accordance with the following provisions: (A) Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide limited sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. (B) Dead, diseased, or dying trees may be removed. ? (f) Permitted buffer impacts. The following development activities shall be permitted within the required riparian buffer area of the RCC Overlay District, provided no more land is disturbed than is necessary to provide for the desired installation or construction, all required permits have been issued, and any land disturbance activity complies with all erosion and sediment control requirements of Chapter 11.1 of this Code for the stabilization of disturbed areas to minimize negative effects on the quality of surface waters: ? (4) Public passive recreation uses such as greenways and pervious trails, provided that to the extent possible, such pathways use existing and proposed utility alignments or previously cleared areas and minimize tree cutting to the maximum extent practicable; (5) Individual pedestrian paths connecting homeowners to the river or creek in the form of narrow, pervious footpaths with minimal tree disturbance; or ? ?

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE II. DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 106-230. Urban forest overlay district. Sec. 106-230.1. Statement of intent. (A) It is the intent of the Urban Forest Overlay District to promote healthy tree canopies within the City of Salem. The standards contained in this district help to increase both the number and size of trees in new development. These types of plants are important to maintaining general health as they reduce temperatures caused by urban heat islands, absorb carbon dioxide and other pollutants, and emit oxygen. This ordinance shall not apply to parcels zoned RSF or RMF.

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE II. DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 106-230. Urban forest overlay district. Sec. 106-230.3. Establishment of urban forest overlay district. (A) Urban Forest Overlay Districts shall include all parcels with frontage on one or more of the following roads: 1. West Main Street?Between 4th Street and the Western City Limits. 2. East Main Street?Between Thompson Memorial and Route 419. 3. Route 419. 4. Apperson Drive. 5. 4th Street?Between West Main Street and Union Street. 6. Wildwood Road. 7. Thompson Memorial Drive.

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE II. DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 106-230. Urban forest overlay district. Sec. 106-230.5. Development regulations. (A) Development regulations within the Urban Forest Overlay District shall be as specified in the underlying zoning districts, with the following additions: 1. A minimum of one tree, selected from section 106-230.9, per acre. Approved tree species in the Urban Forest Overlay District, shall be planted within the interior parking lot. Development on less than one acre shall also contain a minimum of one tree. No development shall be required to have more than five trees. Where multiple trees are required, a mix of different species from the list is encouraged. 2. In addition to item 1., when a new, expanded, or reconfigured parking area is required or proposed adjacent to a public street rights-of-way, one tree selected from section 106-230.9, approved tree species in the Urban Forest Overlay District shall be planted at 100 foot intervals, starting at the designated rights-of-way intersection, in order to maximize the beneficial environmental effects. All trees shall be planted ten feet behind the curb with a minimum eight foot radius landscaped area surrounding it. This requirement may be modified to allow for ingress and egress areas, signage or for other reasons at the discretion of the administrator. A list of planting locations shall be kept in the department of inspections and zoning. 3. All approved trees shall have a minimum caliper of three inches dbh (diameter at breast high) at the time of planting, be trained to a central leader, and have a minimum height of five feet. 4. Non-approved tree species may be used at the discretion of the administrator. 5. The locations of tree plantings may be left to the developer, but must be approved during the site plan review process. 6. The preservation of appropriate existing mature trees is encouraged and may count towards the required number of trees at the discretion of the administrator.

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE II. DISTRICT REGULATIONS Sec. 106-232. Industrial park overlay district. Sec. 106-232.5. Site development regulations. (A) Notwithstanding the requirements of article IV, herein, the development regulations within the industrial park overlay district shall be as specified in the underlying zoning districts, with the following exceptions: 1. The front yard setback shall be a minimum of eight feet from the street right-of-way. For parcels adjacent to the Roanoke River, the rear yard setback shall be a minimum of eight feet from normal high water elevation. 2. For parcels adjacent to the Roanoke River, an eight-foot landscape buffer yard from normal high water elevation shall be established and reserved for natural vegetation. 3. When parcels abut a different zoning classification, a 15-foot buffer yard with two rows of large evergreen trees shall be planted within the buffer. 4. No perimeter landscaping as required under section 106-402.7 between parking areas and adjacent properties is required for parking lots with fewer than 100 parking spaces. 5. Planting islands at the ends of parking rows are not required for parking lots with fewer than 100 parking spaces. 6. Regardless of the number of parking spaces, rows of more than 20 parking spaces shall be broken up with an island containing at least one tree. 7. Front yard setbacks shall be professionally designed and landscaped with a combination of evergreen shrubs and deciduous trees. The required number of shrubs shall be a minimum of one shrub per 25 linear feet of frontage. The required number of deciduous trees shall be a minimum of one tree per 100 linear feet of frontage. These plantings may be grouped with the approval of the administrator. 8. Each parcel shall have a minimum of one canopy tree, as defined in section 106-230.9, per 100 parking spaces. For parcels containing fewer than 100 parking spaces, a minimum of one such tree shall be provided. These trees shall be located within large planting areas so as to shade parking areas or buildings. 9. Stormwater areas may be landscaped with bog plants, or as rain gardens, in conjunction with city stormwater regulations. Stormwater areas may include appropriately adapted trees or plants, which may count towards the overall landscaping requirements. 10. Structures that encroach into the front setback at the time of the adoption of this ordinance are exempt from the provisions of section 106-402.23(4). However all other requirements of section 106-402.23 are in full force and effect, as well as the requirements in section 106-526 (Ord. of 1-23-2012) Sec. 106-232.7. Administration. (A) The owner shall be responsible for the perpetual maintenance and protection of all landscaped areas required by this ordinance. (B) Replacement of trees is permitted and shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of this ordinance. Dead, unhealthy, or misshapen trees shall be replaced immediately by the owner. ? Maintenance includes actions necessary to keep trees neat and orderly in appearance and free of litter and debris. Pruning of trees shall be done in a manner that preserves the character of the tree and is not detrimental to the health of the tree. (D) The administrator shall have the authority to enforce the requirements of this ordinance. (Ord. of 1-23-2012)

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.1. General requirements. (A) These provisions shall apply to all developments requiring a site plan as specified by this chapter. All required landscaped plans shall be prepared by a licensed professional knowledgeable of plant materials and landscape design. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.11. Use of existing woodland areas. (A) In cases where quality woodland exists, preservation of existing trees between the parking lot and the adjoining right-of-way or property is encouraged and may be substituted for landscaping requirements at the discretion of the city horticulturist. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.13. Interior landscaping standards for parking lots. (A) The following minimum standards for interior parking lot landscaping shall be met for all new, expanded or reconfigured parking areas containing 5,000 square feet or more of impervious area. 1. At least one deciduous shade tree shall be installed for every ten parking spaces provided. All shade trees shall have a minimum caliper of two inches dbh at the time of planting and trained to a central leader. Lower limbs shall be removed to a clear trunk height of six foot as tree growth allows. Smaller ornamental/ flowering trees may be used with the permission of the administrator. When used, these trees may retain their lower limbs, but must be planted with consideration of visibility and traffic flow. 2. A continuous landscape strip shall be installed between every four rows of parking. This strip shall be a minimum of eight feet in width to accommodate required trees and shrubs. 3. Large planting islands (over 200 square feet) shall be located throughout the lot at the end of parking rows. These islands shall be planted with shade trees, low shrubs and/or ground cover. 4. Planting islands, with a minimum width of nine feet shall be provided between every 15 parking spaces to avoid long rows of parked cars. One deciduous shade tree shall be provided within each of these planting islands. 5. Within the interior of the parking lot, landscaping should be used to delineate vehicular and pedestrian circulation patterns, improve stormwater quality and to promote stormwater management objectives. Clear and legible signs and other techniques should be used to further direct the flow of both vehicular and pedestrian traffic within the lot. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2); Ord. of 3-10-08(6))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.15. Planting and design guidelines. (A) Use deciduous urban shade trees with ground cover or low shrubs as the primary landscape material. Avoid tall shrubs or low-branching trees that will restrict visibility. (B) For planting islands that are parallel to spaces, islands shall be a minimum of nine feet wide to allow doors to open. (C) For planting islands that are perpendicular to spaces, islands shall be a minimum of eight feet wide to allow for overhang of parked cars. If parking is only on one side of the island, an eight-foot width is still required. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.17. Maintenance of landscaping. (A) The owner, tenant and their agents, if any, shall be jointly and severely responsible for the maintenance of all required and provided landscaping in good condition so as to present a healthy, neat and orderly appearance. All landscaped areas shall be kept free from refuse and debris. (B) All landscaped area shall be provided with a readily available water supply with at least one outlet located within 150 feet of all planted areas. Drip-type irrigation systems are encouraged. (C) All required or provided trees, shrubs, ground covers and other plant materials must be replaced during the first opportune planting season if they die or become unhealthy because of accidents, drainage problems, disease or other causes. (D) Trees shall not be trimmed or topped so that advertisement signs may be visible. Trees shall instead be allowed to grow and at the appropriate time, the crown may be lifted. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.19. Modifications. (A) The requirements of this section shall be applied equally to all similarly classified and situated properties but may be modified or waived by the administrator where the intent of this section is preserved and where the proposed developments of new use meets any of the following guidelines: 1. Natural land characteristics and/or existing vegetation would achieve the same intent of this section, provided such natural features are maintained and not modified by the development or use of the site; 2. Innovative landscape design, staggering of planting, screenings or architectural design would achieve the intent of this section; 3. The amount of required buffer yard would occupy more than ten percent of the total lot, parcel of land or development site, and proportional increases of planting and screening are added which are determined by the administrator to offset any reductions of the required buffer yard; or 4. The subject uses are separated by an alley, public utility right-of-way, water body or other physical separation. In such case, the width of the separating feature may replace the buffer yard requirements on a foot-for-foot basis, provided the intent of the applicable screening and planting requirements is met. Where such separating feature is wider than the applicable buffer year requirements, one row of the applicable planting requirements may be waived for every five feet of separation in excess of the required buffer yard; provided, however, that a minimum of one row of plantings or screening may be required. 5. When property lines abut an adjacent jurisdiction, the administrator shall determine the specific screening and buffering requirements along the property lines after consideration of the zoning designation and or land use of the adjacent property. Requirements shall not exceed those that would be required for similarly situated property within the city. 6. If site characteristics do not permit the compliance with these parking lot landscaping regulations and the requirements of section 106-404 (Off-Street Parking), then the administrator shall, after consultation with the city horticulturist, have the authority to determine which standards shall take precedent on the site. 7. The location and design of any required landscaped area may be modified by the administrator to achieve local stormwater management water quality objectives. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2)) Sec. 106-402.21. Conflicting requirements. (A) When buffering, screening or planting requirements are required by a conditional rezoning, or a special exception permit approved after the effective date of this chapter, and said requirements are in conflict with the requirements contained herein, the more restrictive requirements shall apply. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2)) Sec. 106-402.23. Nonconforming uses and sites. (A) Any lot or parcel of land having a lawful use that does not conform with the buffering, screening and landscaping provisions for this section shall be required to comply with these provisions if: 1. The lawful use is discontinued for more than two years; or 2. The lawful use is replaced in whole or in part by a higher intensity use type, i.e., commercial to industrial; 3. The associated building or structure containing the lawful use is removed; or 4. The associated building or structure containing the lawful use is enlarged, extended, reconstructed or structurally altered to the extent that costs exceed 25 percent of the building's or structure's fair market value prior to any improvement. For purpose of this section, all costs incurred from enlargement, extension, reconstruction or structural alteration of such structure during a three-year period shall be included in determining whether the costs of such improvements exceed 25 percent of the fair market value. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.3. Buffer yards. (A) Buffer yards containing specified screening and plantings shall be required between zoning districts of different intensities as shown in Table 1. For each required buffer type, the developer of the site shall choose which option to install. Buffer yards shall be installed in the higher intensity zoning district. (B) Required buffer yards shall be located such that they provide a visual and physical barrier between abutting zoning districts of different intensities and shall buffer and screen all exterior storage, service, refuse, maintenance, repair, processing, salvage, parking, and other similar areas. No use of the site may be extended beyond the required buffer yard. (C) Required buffer yards shall not be located on any portion of any existing or dedicated public or private street or right-of-way, shall not obstruct the visibility of traffic circulation, and shall not interfere with the use of adjoining properties. (D) Required buffer yards, including screening and plantings shall be in place at the time of any occupancy or use of the property. Required plantings may be installed at the beginning of the first opportune planting season after any occupancy or use of the property. (E) The buffer yard shall be reserved solely for screening and plantings, except for required pedestrian or vehicular access driveways to the property, passive recreation areas, or pedestrian or bicycle trails, which can be accommodated in a manner that preserve the intended screening function between abutting zoning districts of different intensities. In no case shall any portion of a required buffer yard be used for parking, service, refuse, storage, maintenance, or any other use that impairs the intended buffer function. (F) The property owner or lessee shall have the responsibility to continuously maintain the required buffer yards, screening and plantings such that they continue to meet the specified standards and intent of this section. All materials shall present an attractive appearance and be of durable construction. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.5. Standards for buffer yard planting and screening. (A) Planting required by this section shall be provided in accordance with the following standards: 1. Where required, all evergreen shrubs shall have a height of at least 24 inches at the time of planting and an ultimate height of six feet or more. One such shrub shall be planted for each three linear feet of buffer yard. Some evergreen shrubs that meet these standards are various types of hollies, yews, and junipers. 2. Where required, each small evergreen tree shall have a height of at least four feet at time of planting and an ultimate height of 15 feet or greater. One such tree shall be planted for each five linear feet of buffer yard. Some small evergreen trees that meet these standards are various types of pines, hollies, upright arborvitae and junipers. 3. Where required, each large evergreen tree shall have a height of at least six feet at the time of planting and an ultimate height of 50 feet or greater. One such tree shall be planted for each 15 linear feet of buffer yard. Some large evergreen trees that meet these standards are various types of pines, firs and hemlocks. 4. Existing evergreen trees and shrubs which meet the requirements of this section may be counted as contributing to total planting requirements. 5. All portions of buffer yard areas not containing plantings shall be seeded with lawn grass of other approved vegetative ground cover. (B) Screening required by this section shall be provided in accordance with the following standards: 1. Screening shall be visually opaque and shall be constructed of a durable material. It shall be installed within the required buffer yard, and shall be continuously maintained. 2. Acceptable screening materials shall include stockade fences, decorative masonry walls, brick walls, and earth berms. Alternate materials may be approved, if in the opinion of the administrator, their characteristic and design meet the intent and standards of this section. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.7. Perimeter landscaping standards for parking lots. (A) When a new, expanded, or reconfigured parking area is required or proposed adjacent to a public street rights-of-way, a landscaped planting strip shall be established between the parking area and the adjacent street rights-of-way. This required landscaped planting strip shall have a minimum width of eight feet, if the depth of any portion of the parking area is 60 feet or less when measured at a right angle to the street rights-of-way. The width of the required landscaped planting strip shall be increased by one foot for each additional five foot depth of parking area provided. No required landscaped planting strip shall be required to exceed a width of 50 feet. (B) Within the required landscaped planting area, one deciduous tree shall be planted for each 320 square feet of landscaped area. All shade trees shall have a minimum caliper of two inches dbh at the time of planting and trained to a central leader. Lower limbs shall be removed to a clear trunk height of six foot as tree growth allows. Smaller ornamental/flowering trees may be used with the permission of the administrator. When used, these trees may retain their lower limbs, but must be planted with consideration of visibility and traffic flow. (C) When buffer yards as specified in this section are not required, an eight foot wide landscaped planting strip shall be provided between all parking areas and adjacent properties. Within the required landscaped planting area, one deciduous tree shall be planted for each 160 square feet of landscaped area. All shade trees shall have a minimum caliper of two inches dbh at the time of planting and trained to a central leader. Lower limbs shall be removed to a clear trunk height of six foot as tree growth allows. Smaller ornamental/flowering trees may be used with the permission of the administrator. When used, these trees may retain their lower limbs, but must be planted with consideration of visibility and traffic flow. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Salem City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 106 ZONING ARTICLE IV. DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Sec. 106-402.9. Landscaping of front setback areas. (A) All front setback are as located between a building and a public street shall be professionally landscaped with a combination of trees, shrubs and groundcover. (Ord. of 3-14-05(2))

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.100 I-3 PLANNED INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT 18.100.030 Area regulations. The following requirements shall apply to all uses permitted in this district: ? (5) Buffer Zone. Setback areas shall act as a buffer between adjacent residential and business uses. They shall be fully landscaped and maintained with grass, trees and shrubbery of sufficient height and density to serve as a screen between the planned industrial zone and the residential zone. The buffer zone shall not constitute a site-distance obstruction at street intersections. The buffer zone shall be considered as part of the lot area, but shall not be used for any business purpose such as buildings, parking lots, signs, or any accessory use. The buffer zone, upon completion of the development of any project, shall be at or near the same grade or plane which existed prior to the development of the planned industrial district property, unless otherwise expressly reviewed and approved by the planning commission and by city council. These restrictions shall not apply to that portion of the lot fronting on the major thoroughfares, however all other required landscaping shall apply. (Zoning ordinance Art. 4, ? 17)

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.120 YARD, BUILDING SETBACK, AND OPEN SPACE EXCEPTIONS 18.120.010 Setback exceptions. The following requirements are intended to provide exceptions or qualify and supplement, as the case may be, the specific district regulations set forth except in Division II of this title. (1) No yard, open space, or lot area required for a building or structure shall, during its life, be occupied by any other building or structure except: ? (k) Trees, shrubs, flowers, and other plants subject to the vision requirements in this chapter. ? (Ord. 2011-07; Ord. 2009-22; Ord. 2009-20; Ord. 2004-06. Zoning ordinance Art. 5, ? 4)

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.125 MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS 18.125.020 Off-street parking lot layout, construction, and maintenance. Where the required off-street parking requires the building of a parking lot, and wherever a parking lot is built, such parking shall be laid out, constructed, and maintained in accordance with the following regulations: ? (11) Where parking is to be provided in the front yard of a multiple-family dwelling, there shall be established a setback line 10 feet from the street lot line. The land between the setback line and the lot line is for the purposes of this title called a buffer strip. The ground in the front buffer strip shall be prepared and shall be planted with trees, shrubs, and grass. ? (Zoning ordinance Art. 5, ? 5)

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.175 LANDSCAPING AND SCREENING 18.175.010 Purpose and intent. The city council for the city of Staunton, Virginia, in order to promote the general health, safety, and welfare of the citizens; to facilitate the creation of an attractive and harmonious community; to conserve, protect, and enhance natural resources; and to safeguard and protect land values states that the purpose and intent of this chapter is as follows: (1) To aid in stabilizing the environment?s ecological balance by contributing to the process of air purification, oxygen regeneration, groundwater recharge, and storm water runoff retardation, while at the same time aiding in noise, glare, and heat abatement; (2) To encourage the preservation of existing trees and cultivated vegetation; (3) To assist in providing adequate light and air and in preventing overcrowding of land; (4) To provide visual buffering and enhance the beautification of the city; (5) To safeguard and enhance property values and to protect public and private investment; (6) To preserve, protect and restore the unique identity and environment of the city and to protect the economic base attracted to the city by such factors; (7) To conserve energy and to protect the public health, safety, and general welfare. (Zoning ordinance Art. 5, ? 15).

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.53 TND-I TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT INFILL DISTRICT 18.53.070 Development standards. In order to accomplish the objectives of the TND-I district, the following development standards shall apply: ? (3) General Development Standards. ? (h) Landscaping. Landscaping shall meet the requirements of Chapter 18.175 SCC and shall incorporate the following design considerations: (i) Landscaping in the traditional neighborhood infill district is different from other districts. Most landscaping is expected to be concentrated in open spaces such as parks, squares and greens. (ii) Buildings with substantial lot coverage should provide interior or rear courtyards or forecourts or roof gardens. (iii) Because buildings have small front yards, street trees substitute for front yard trees and the focus is well-designed hedges and planters rather than berms or mown lawns. (iv) Parking lots are moved from the fronts of buildings or walled or screened. Landscaping should be integrated into these walls and screens. (v) In general, the same or more landscaping should occur as in a conventional district but with different locations. ? (Ord. 2005-36) 18.53.080 Design and architectural standards. ? (4) Low-Density Residential. These standards apply to uses allowed in the low-density residential areas of the TND-I district. The low-density residential area may include single-family detached homes or single-family cluster homes and shall comply with the density, lot size and building area requirements in a TND-I. The streetscape shall be an important element in the residential character focusing on a pedestrian-friendly environment with front-facing porches, curbs, planter strips, and sidewalks lining streets with a well-planned and integrated pattern of street trees. Home types shall be intermixed as they often were in historic communities, with large and small homes sharing the parks and streetscape. High-quality landscaping will compliment the architecture and blend the residential into its rolling site. ? (Ord. 2005-36).

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.65 B-3 PLANNED BUSINESS DISTRICT 18.65.030 Area regulations. In this district the area regulations, maximum lot coverage, height regulations, and off-street parking shall comply with the requirements of the B-1 district. There shall be a 25-foot setback from all streets and all adjoining residential property. This setback shall act as a buffer between the business and residential uses. It shall be fully landscaped and maintained with grass and with trees or shrubbery of sufficient height and density to serve as a screen between the business zone and the residential zone. The buffer zone shall not constitute a site-distance obstruction at street intersections. The buffer zone shall be considered as part of the lot area but shall not be used for any business purpose such as buildings, parking lots, signs, or any accessory use. The buffer zoning, upon completion of development of the project, shall be at or near the same grade or plane which existed prior to the development of the planned business district property, unless otherwise expressly reviewed and approved by the planning commission and by city council. These restrictions shall not apply to that portion of the lot fronting on the major business thoroughfare or thoroughfares. Entrances to the property will be allowed from the arterial streets only. (Zoning ordinance Art. 4, ? 10)

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.83 ENTRANCE CORRIDOR OVERLAY DISTRICT 18.83.050 Approval process. ? (2) Minimum Requirements for Development Plan. Materials submitted with the application or on subsequent request by the zoning administrator or designee shall include clearly labeled plans, maps, studies, narratives, drawings, and reports depicting or presenting the following, with sufficient copies for necessary referrals and records, unless deemed unnecessary by the zoning administrator or designee due to the scope and nature of the proposed development: ? (b) Tree preservation plan (to scale) to include: (i) Survey of existing topography and location of existing trees (over three inches in caliper), their species, and caliper and other vegetation per SCC 13.10.010(6)(a)(i)(e)(I); (ii) Existing trees and other vegetation to remain; (iii) Existing trees and other vegetation to be removed; and (iv) Location, extent, and construction details of proposed protection for existing trees and other vegetation to remain; ? 18.83.090 Design standards. ? (5) Planting Requirements. The requirements of Chapter 18.175 SCC, Landscaping and Screening, shall apply with the following exceptions: (a) Site plantings shall reflect design characteristics identified as desirable in the guidelines developed for each corridor. (b) New development along corridors must incorporate as much of the existing plants as possible. ? No grading or other earth disturbing activity, storage of materials, equipment, or refuse shall occur within the drip line of any trees or wooded areas or intrude upon any other existing features designated for preservation as provided for in the most recent edition of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. (d) Plantings of major trees shall equal a minimum 10 percent of the parking and vehicular circulation area. Planting areas provided shall be a minimum of five feet wide. (e) Plants shall not be used to screen poorly sited utilities; all utilities, site, and building equipment (including but not limited to loading docks, service entrances, dumpsters and other refuse containers) shall be built into the building envelope, be screened with architectural elements such as walls or extended parapets, or built into the site design. ? (Ord. 2008-09)

Staunton City Code View whole ordinance
Title 18 ZONING Chapter 18.85 H-1 HISTORIC PRESERVATION DISTRICT 18.85.060 Maintenance and zoning code provisions. (1) Ordinary Maintenance or Repair. Ordinary maintenance or repair of any exterior architectural or environmental feature in or on an historic property or a building, structure, site or object within an historic district to correct deterioration, decay or damage, or to sustain the existing form, and that does not involve a material change in design, material or outer appearance thereof, does not require a certificate of appropriateness. Such actions shall include the following and any similar actions which in the opinion of the commission or its designated staff will have no more effect on the character of the district than those listed: ? ? Planting of grass, trees and shrubs, but not including landscape treatment which substantially alters the contour of a site or involves landscaping or construction of parking areas, fences, walls, walkways, pools, fountains and the like which materially affect the appearance of a site and which is visible from a public street. ? ? (Zoning ordinance Art. 4, ? 14)

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
APPENDIX C SIGHT TRIANGLES; APPROVED PLANT LISTS, TREE CANOPY CALCULATIONS; AND APPROVED PLANT LISTS FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Sources: (1) Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Forestry. Portsmouth Office, 1992. (2) Schueler, Thomas R. Controlling Urban Runoff: A Practical Manual For Planning and Designing Urban BMPs. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, Department of Environmental Programs?Washington, D.C.; 7/87.

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 4 ZONING SEC. 31-412. SPECIAL CORRIDOR OVERLAY DISTRICT (SCOD). ? (g) LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS. (1) GENERALLY. Except as specified herein, all applicable development shall comply with the landscaping of this Ordinance. Where a conflict between regulations exist, the most stringent requirement shall apply. (2) YARDS ADJACENT TO PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAYS DESIGNATED AS A SPECIAL CORRIDOR OVERLAY DISTRICT. At minimum, a continuous 15-foot deep streetscape and screening planting strip, exclusive of easements, shall be located in the required front, side, or rear yard setback located adjacent to any public right-of-way designated as a Special Corridor Overlay District, in accordance with the landscaping standards of this Ordinance (section 31-603), provided that: A. One large street tree measuring a minimum of three to three and one-half inches in caliper at DBH shall be required every 40 feet on center or fraction thereof, or one medium street tree measuring two inches in caliper shall be required every 20 feet on center or fraction thereof. Street trees may be planted in multiple rows or groupings. B. The under story shall be planted with multiple rows or groupings of streetscape and screening shrubs measuring a minimum of 24 to 30 inches in height and spaced every three feet on center or fraction thereof so as to provide the most effective opaque screening of parking areas and best landscape design. Berms three feet in height and a maximum 3:1 slope may replace shrubs to a maximum of 50 percent. (3) YARDS ADJACENT TO PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY NOT DESIGNATED AS A SPECIAL CORRIDOR OVERLAY DISTRICT. At minimum, a continuous 15-foot deep streetscape and screening planting strip, exclusive of easements, shall be located in the required front, side, or rear yard setback located adjacent to any public right-of-way not designated as a Special Corridor Overlay District, in accordance with the landscaping standards of this Ordinance (section 31-603), provided that: A. One large street tree measuring a minimum of three to three and one-half inches in caliper shall be required every 40 feet on center or fraction thereof, or one medium street tree measuring two inches in caliper shall be required every 20 feet on center or fraction thereof. Street trees may be planted in multiple rows or groupings. B. The under story shall be planted with multiple rows or groupings of streetscape and screening shrubs measuring a minimum of 24 to 30 inches in height and spaced every 3 feet on center or fraction thereof so as to provide the most effective opaque screening of parking areas and best landscape design. Berms three feet in height and a maximum 3:1 slope may replace shrubs to a maximum of 50 percent. ? ? (Ord. No. 09-O-045, ? 1(Exh. B), 8-19-2009; Ord. No. 13-O-021, 2-20-2013)

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 4 ZONING SEC. 31-413. HISTORIC CONSERVATION OVERLAY DISTRICTS (HC). ? (g) CRITERIA FOR HC OVERLAY DISTRICTS. The following additional criteria shall be applied by the HLC when reviewing a request for a Certificate of Appropriateness: ? (4) CERTAIN MINOR ACTIONS EXEMPTED FROM REVIEW. Certain minor actions which are deemed not to permanently affect the character of the historic district are exempted from review for architectural compatibility. Such actions shall include the following and any similar actions which, in the opinion of the Administrator, will have no more effect on the character of the district than those listed: ? D. Planting of grass, trees and shrubs, but not including landscape treatment which substantially alters the contour of a landmark site. ? ? ? (Ord. No. 12-O-101, 12-5-2012)

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 4 ZONING SEC. 31-415. CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION OVERLAY DISTRICT (CB). ? (c) GENERAL PERFORMANCE CRITERIA. The following standards shall apply to all development activities in the Preservation Area District. (1) No more land shall be disturbed than is necessary to provide for the proposed use or development. Land disturbance shall be limited to the area necessary to provide for the desired use or development. In accordance with an approved development plan, the limits of land disturbance, including clearing or grading, shall be strictly defined by the construction footprint. These limits shall be clearly shown on submitted plans and physically marked on the development site. (2) Indigenous vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with the use or development proposed. When forests or developed woodlands exist on the site and proposed development requires the cutting or clearing of trees areas proposed for clearing shall be identified on the proposed development plan. These plans shall be submitted as part of the development review process. A grading permit will be required prior to any clearing or cutting associated with the proposed development. ? (d) DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA FOR RESOURCE PROTECTION AREAS. (1) PRESERVATION AREAS. The Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area shall consist of three areas for purposes of determining applicable development restrictions: (1) a Resource Protection Area and (2) a Resource Management Area. Intensely Developed Areas may be a component of each area. These areas are defined and established as follows: ? B. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AREA (RMA). The Resource Management Area (RMA) is that component of the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area that is not classified as the Resource Protection Area and may include flood plains, highly erodible soils associated with steep slopes, highly permeable soils, nontidal wetlands outside of the RPA and other lands necessary to protect water quality. Development standards for the RMA are set forth as follows: (i) All sites for which development activities are proposed shall be subject to the requirements detailed in Subsection (c), general provisions. (ii) When forests or developed woodlands exist on the site and proposed development requires the cutting or clearing of trees, areas proposed for clearing shall be identified on the proposed development plan. These plans shall be submitted as part of the development review process. A grading permit will be required prior to any clearing or cutting associated with proposed development. (iii) Land disturbance shall be limited to the area necessary to provide for the desired use or development. ? ? D. BUFFER AREA REQUIREMENTS. To minimize effects of human activities on the other components of the Resource Protection Area, state waters, and aquatic life, a 100-foot buffer area of vegetation that is effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering non-point source pollution from runoff shall be retained if present and established where it does not exist. The buffer shall be located adjacent to and landward of any other component of the RPA. The 100-foot buffer area shall be deemed to achieve a 75 percent reduction of sediments and a 40 percent reduction of nutrients. Not withstanding permitted uses, encroachments, and vegetation clearing, as set forth in Subsection (d)(1)a., the 100-foot wide buffer area is not reduced in width. When agricultural or silvicultural uses within the buffer area cease, and the lands are proposed to be converted to other uses, the full 100-foot wide buffer area shall be reestablished In reestablishing the buffer, management measures shall be undertaken to provide woody vegetation that assures the buffer functions are maintained or established. The following additional performance criteria shall apply in the buffer area: (i) In order to maintain the functional value of the buffer area, indigenous vegetation may be removed only, subject to approval by the City, to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater as follows: (a) Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering non-point source pollution from runoff. (b) Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. (c) Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds (such as Johnson grass, Kudzu and multiflora rose) may be removed and thinning of trees allowed as permitted by the City pursuant to sound horticultural practices. (d) For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. ? ? (Ord. No. 09-O-028, Exh. A, 5-20-2009; Ord. No. 13-O-057, 6-19-2013; Ord. No. 14-O-072, 6-18-2014)

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 4 ZONING SEC. 31-419. MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY DISTRICT (MUD). ? (i) DESIGN GUIDELINES REQUIRED. An application for a Mixed Use Development (MUD) Overlay District shall contain comprehensive architectural design guidelines for the master plan which address at a minimum the following: ? (3) STREETSCAPE. Streets are public spaces and as such include the elements of street trees, street furniture, street graphics, fountains and other gathering places. Sidewalks are typically wider?up to ten feet. Trees and planters are appropriately placed along the edge of the street. Both the buildings and the street create the public space. ? (7) LANDSCAPING. Besides the streetscaping trees, an open space area should provide for a "soft" environment with grass, trees and shrubs. In spaces between buildings or on undeveloped parcels, landscaping should be provided. Small urban parks are also an important feature to be landscaped. ? ? (Ord. No. 11-O-086, 10-19-2011)

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 4 ZONING PURPOSE: This Article divides the City into districts for the purpose of regulating the use, dimensions, construction, reconstruction, alteration and use of lands within the districts. This Article establishes a series of basic zoning districts, several overlay districts wherein additional standards may apply, and several "floating zones" (PD and TND districts) which may be designated at the request of the property owner. General regulations for all development (regardless of the zoning district) are set forth in Article 6. Refer to Article 7 for additional regulations applicable to particular uses. SEC. 31-411. USE PATTERNS. ? (e) CLUSTER PATTERN. ? (10) DESIGN STANDARDS. ? B. Open Space Recreation. ? (vi) One large street tree is required along the subdivision streets spaced a maximum of 60 feet on center along roadways which do not have residential lots. Each individual residential lot within the "Cluster" development will plant one street tree per lot. The Planning Director or his designee can administratively approve variances to this plan in order to meet lot layout, right-of-way, or driveway locations matters. Street trees may be either a London Plane Tree, Red Oak, Willow Oak, Zelkova, or Red Maple, and shall be a minimum 2-inch in caliper when planted. The planting area shall be either in the right-of-way or on individual lots within ten feet of the front property line. ? ? ? (g) TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND) USE PATTERN. ? (10) LANDSCAPE. Trees shall be used as a design element to provide visual identity to the TND and reinforce street hierarchy. Street trees shall be planted along all streets at a maximum average spacing of 30 feet on center. Landscaping shall comply with the requirements of the landscaping standards of this Ordinance. ? (Ord. No. 11-O-086, 10-19-2011)

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 6 DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT STANDARDS SEC. 31-605. LOT LAYOUT STANDARDS. ? (k) LOT GRADING AND LANDSCAPING STANDARDS. The following standards shall be followed in establishing the grading plan for a development: ? (5) LANDSCAPING. All disturbed areas within the dedicated right-of-way and easements of any subdivision street shall be restored with vegetation as required by 24 VAC ? 30-90-290 (Landscaping). Street trees shall be planted or, where permitted trees already existing, maintained and protected between the paved areas and sidewalks or, where no sidewalks are required, between the paved areas and the edge of the right-of-way, consistent with the Landscaping Standards of this Ordinance.

Suffolk Development Ordinance View whole ordinance
Unified Development Ordinance ARTICLE 6 DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT STANDARDS SEC. 31-606. PARKING AND LOADING STANDARDS. (a) OFF-STREET PARKING. ? (12) LARGE SHOPPING CENTERS, SUPERSTORES AND BIG BOX RETAIL. Pedestrian accessibility opens auto-oriented developments to the neighborhood, thereby reducing traffic impacts and enabling the development to project a friendlier, more inviting image. This Section sets forth standards for public sidewalks and internal pedestrian circulation systems that can provide user-friendly pedestrian access as well as pedestrian safety, shelter, and convenience within the center grounds. ? B. Continuous internal pedestrian walkways, not less than eight (8) feet in width, shall be provided from the public sidewalk or right-of-way to the principal customer entrance of all principal buildings on the site. At a minimum, walkways shall connect focal points of pedestrian activity including, but not limited to, transit stops, street crossings, building and store entry points, and shall feature adjoining landscaped areas that include trees, shrubs, benches, flower beds, ground covers, or other such materials for no less than fifty percent (50%) of its length. ? ? ?

Virginia Beach City Code View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO ALL DISTRICTS D. DESIGN, ETC. STANDARDS FOR RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS AND SHOPPING CENTERS Sec. 245. Building design. The following building design features shall apply to retail establishments and shopping centers which are subject to the provisions of this part: ? (b) Outdoor display areas, vending machines and ground level mechanical equipment: ? (3) Mechanical or HVAC equipment shall not be installed at ground level along any portion of a building facing a public or internal street unless such location is necessitated by the nature and design of the building it serves. Such equipment shall be screened by a solid fence or wall and native plants, such as wax myrtle or leyland cypress, having good screening characteristics. Shrubs shall be at least three (3) feet high, and trees shall be at least six (6) feet high, at planting. Plants shall be spaced as directed by the city's landscaping, screening and buffering specifications and standards, be maintained at all times in good condition and shall not be trimmed to a height lower than the mechanical equipment they screen. ? (Ord. No. 2607, 8-22-2000; Ord. No. 3247, 7-10-12) Sec. 246. Site design. The following site design characteristics shall apply to retail establishments and shopping centers which are subject to the provisions of this part: ? (d) Pedestrian access: ? (2) Connecting internal pedestrian walkways, no less than five (5) feet in width, shall be provided from the public sidewalk or right-of-way to the principal customer entrance of all anchor tenant buildings on the site. Outparcels shall be connected to each other, to the main shopping center and to the public sidewalk system by pedestrian walkways. In addition, walkways shall connect focal points of pedestrian activity such as, but not limited to, transit stops, street crossings, building and store entry points, and parking areas. The walkways should feature adjoining landscaped areas that include trees, shrubs, benches, flower beds, ground cover or similar materials to enhance the appearance of the walkway areas. Such landscaping shall be credited toward the parking lot landscaping requirements of section 5A of the Site Plan Ordinance. Clear sight lines allowing for good natural surveillance and adequate lighting shall be incorporated. Landscaping along the walkways shall be maintained at no more than three (3) feet in height or limbed up to at least seven (7) feet in order to avoid visibility obstructions. ? ? (Ord. No. 2607, 8-22-2000) Sec. 247. Landscaping and buffering. The following provisions shall be in addition to all other city landscaping provisions: (a) Any loading dock within view of a residential, office or apartment zoning district or a public street shall be screened by a landscaped berm or a solid wall with landscaping on the outside. (b) Sites with existing trees and vegetation along street frontages should, where desirable, retain such features and integrate them into the landscape plan for the site. (c) To the greatest extent possible, no less than twenty-five (25) percent of trees shall be evergreen species. (d) To the greatest extent possible, planting pits shall be backfilled with thirty-six (36) inches of topsoil to provide the most conducive growing environment for new landscape planting. (e) To the greatest extent possible, landscape islands shall be designed so that shrubs or trees are not located on the edges of the island. (Ord. No. 2607, 8-22-2000)

Virginia Beach City Code View whole ordinance
APPENDIX A ZONING ORDINANCE ARTICLE 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO ALL DISTRICTS G. LANDSCAPE SCREENING AND BUFFERING Sec. 272. Categories of landscape screening types. (a) For purposes of this section, there shall be eight (8) categories of screening to be employed as specified in district regulations to satisfy the screening and buffering requirements of proposed uses of higher intensity to those existing of lower intensity. (b) Existing screening materials. When a lot is to be developed such that screening is required and where that lot abuts an existing hedge, wall or other durable landscape barrier on an abutting property, the existing structure or hedge may be used to satisfy the screening requirements of this section, provided that the existing structure meets the minimum standards set forth herein and protection against vehicular encroachment is provided. However, the burden to provide the necessary screening remains with the use to be screened and is a continuing obligation which runs with the land so long as the original relationship exists. Sec. 273. Provisions of acceptable alternatives. Amy person who may be required to install screening in conjunction with land development and who believes that by virtue of special consideration of site design, topography, unique relationships to other properties or existing natural vegetation, the application of the specific standards are ineffective in fulfilling the requirements of this section, may submit to the planning director a specific plan for development showing how the purposes of this section may be met by measures other than those listed above. The planning director, after consulting with appropriate city officials, may approve modifications to established standards so long as the effect and intent of the established standards are achieved. (Ord. No. 2152, 6-23-92) Sec. 274. Maintenance responsibilities. The owner and tenant, if any, of any property where screening is required shall be jointly and severally responsible for the maintenance of all screening materials so as to present a healthy, neat and orderly appearance and be kept free from litter and debris. Shrubs or trees planted as a part of any required screening which subsequently dies shall be replaced in accordance with the minimum standards of this section. All screening and landscape areas shall be protected from encroachment by motor vehicles or pedestrians which could damage vegetation or reduce the effectiveness of the screening.

Virginia Beach City Code View whole ordinance
APPENDIX C - SITE PLAN ORDINANCE ORDINANCE NO. 486 AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING SITE PLAN REGULATIONS FOR THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH, PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS IN RELATION TO SITE PLANS, AND PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF SUCH REGULATIONS. Sec. 5A. Parking lot and foundation landscaping. 5A.1. Intent and purposes. The city council of Virginia Beach finds that Virginia Beach is blessed with a diverse and abundant cover of trees and vegetation and that such cover is of general aesthetic value to the city and that the ecological diversity and richness of the city make it a desirable place for residents, owners, and visitors alike; and that the appearance of Virginia Beach from the public ways contributes ecologically and aesthetically to the growth and economic prosperity of the city; and also that the growth and development attracted to the City of Virginia Beach, because of its natural beauty, often times requires the removal of trees and other plant material, thereby contributing to the depletion of a most valuable natural resource, therefore, it is necessary to protect, preserve and restore this valuable asset. The city council declares the intent and purposes of this ordinance to be as follows: (a) To aid in stabilizing the environment's ecological balance by contributing to the processes of air purification, oxygen regeneration, groundwater recharge, and stormwater runoff retardation, while at the same time aiding in noise, glare, and heat abatement; (b) To encourage the preservation of existing trees and desirable vegetation; ? To assist in providing clean air; (d) To provide visual buffering and enhance the beautification of the city; ? To safeguard and enhance property values and to protect public and private investment; (f) To preserve, protect, and restore the unique identity and environment of the City of Virginia Beach and preserve the economic base attracted to the city by such factors; (g) To conserve energy; and to protect the public health, safety, and general welfare through the reduction of noise, air and visual pollution, light glare, and moderate air temperature; (h) To provide habitat for living things that might not otherwise occur or be found in urban and suburban environments. ? 5A.4. Parking lot interior coverage requirements. ? ? Trees shall be provided within the landscaped area in the proportion of one tree per one hundred and fifty (150) square feet of total landscaped area, except any fractional tree shall not be counted as a whole tree. ? 5A.5. Parking lot streets frontage requirements. ? ? Trees, hedge forms, and other treatment in accordance with the specifications of the "PARKING LOT AND FOUNDATION LANDSCAPING SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS" shall be placed within the landscaping strip. ? 5A.6. Foundation landscaping requirements. ? (d) Shrubs or trees shall be provided within the landscaped area in the proportion of at least one shrub or one tree per fifteen (15) square feet of total required landscaped area, except any fractional shrub or tree shall not be counted as a whole shrub or tree. ? (Ord. No. 1565, 11-4-85; Ord. No. 1974, 6-11-90; Ord. No. 2091, 8-27-91; Ord. No. 2146, 6-25-92)

Virginia Beach City Code View whole ordinance
APPENDIX F - CHESAPEAKE BAY PRESERVATION AREA ORDINANCE Sec. 106. Performance standards. The performance standards set forth in this Section are intended to prevent a net increase in nonpoint source pollution from new development and development on previously developed land where the runoff was treated by a water quality protection best management practice. Stormwater management criteria shall be consistent with the provisions of the Stormwater Management Ordinance [Appendix D]. (A) General performance standards for development and redevelopment. Except as otherwise provided herein, the following standards shall apply to all development and redevelopment in both Resource Protection Areas and Resource Management Areas of the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area: (1) Land disturbance shall be limited to the area necessary to provide for the proposed use or development. The limits of land disturbance, including clearing or grading, shall be strictly defined by the construction footprint as shown on the approved plan of development. Clearing shall be allowed only to provide necessary access, site drainage, water quality best management practices, installation of utilities and primary and reserve drainfield sites as detailed on a Virginia Department of Health sewage disposal construction permit. These limits shall be clearly shown on all plans submitted and physically marked on the site. (2) Existing vegetation shall be preserved to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the use or development proposed and in accordance with the current edition of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. (a) Where areas to be preserved are considered to be part of the stormwater management plan for that site, diseased trees or trees weakened by age, storm, fire, or other injury may be removed. (b) Prior to clearing or grading, suitable protective barriers, such as safety fencing, shall be erected outside of the dripline of any tree or stand of trees to be preserved. These protective barriers shall remain so erected throughout all phases of construction. The storage of equipment, materials, debris, or fill shall not be allowed within the area protected by the barrier. ? (B) Development criteria for Resource Protection Areas. In addition to the general performance standards set forth in this section, the following standards shall apply to all use, development and redevelopment in Resource Protection Areas, except as otherwise provided herein: ? (5) Permitted modifications of the buffer area. (a) In order to maintain the functional value of the buffer area, existing vegetation may be removed only pursuant to an administrative variance, as set forth in Section 110(B) of this ordinance, and only to provide for reasonable sight lines, access paths, general woodlot management, and best management practices, including those that prevent upland erosion and concentrated flows of stormwater, as follows: 1. Trees may be pruned or removed as necessary to provide for sight lines and vistas, provided that where removed, they shall be replaced with other vegetation that is equally effective in retarding runoff, preventing erosion, and filtering nonpoint source pollution from runoff. 2. Any path shall be constructed and surfaced so as to effectively control erosion. 3. Dead, diseased, or dying trees or shrubbery and noxious weeds may be removed and thinning of trees may be allowed pursuant to sound horticultural practices incorporated into City-adopted standards. 4. For shoreline erosion control projects, trees and woody vegetation may be removed, necessary control techniques employed, and appropriate vegetation established to protect or stabilize the shoreline in accordance with the best available technical advice and applicable permit conditions or requirements. ? (C) Buffer restoration standards. The following standards shall apply in cases in which buffer restoration is required pursuant to the provisions of this Ordinance as a result of development within a Resource Protection Area: (1) For new impervious cover: .. (c) In accordance with the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance "Riparian Buffers Modification & Mitigation Guidance Manual, 2003, Reprinted 2006, and all further amendments thereto and editions thereof (Guidance Manual), in order for the buffer to function as intended, it shall contain the full complement of vegetation that includes shade trees, understory trees, shrubs, and ground cover, whether the ground cover is vegetation, leaf litter, or mulch. The composition of the buffer restoration area shall be per Appendix D, Table A of the Guidance Manual; ? (e) Trees shall not be planted within fifteen (15) feet of the shoreline where such planting would result in marsh shading or interference with the integrity of shoreline structures; ? (g) All trees, plants and groundcover, required as buffer restoration shall be maintained and not removed or allowed to revert to turf. (2) For shoreline hardening projects and replacement of upland retaining walls, where construction disturbs vegetation in the Resource Protection Area, such vegetation shall be replaced and may be replaced in kind; provided that trees shall not be planted within fifteen (15) feet of the shoreline where such planting would result in marsh shading or interference with the integrity of shoreline structures. (Ord. No. 2006, 11-6-90; Ord. No. 2154, 6-23-92; Ord. No. 2190, 11-10-92; Ord. No. 2267, 6-14-94; Ord. No. 2790, 12-9-03; Ord. No. 2855, 12-7-04; Ord. No. 3030, 6-24-08; Ord. No. 3076, 4-28-09; Ord. No. 3341, 4-22-14, eff. 7-1-14) Editor's note? Ord. No. 2790, adopted Dec. 9, 2003, repealed former ? 106 of this appendix and renumbered former ? 108 as ? 106. Former ? 106 pertained to minor projects and derived from Ord. No. 2190, adopted Nov. 10, 1992; and Ord. No. 2267, adopted June 14, 1994. Sec. 107. Plan of development process. Any development or redevelopment in the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area shall be accomplished through a plan of development process consistent with Section 15.2-2286(8) of the Code of Virginia. Approval shall be rendered for a plan prior to commencement of any land-disturbing activity on site or the issuance of any building permit. Plans and information required under this section may be coordinated or combined as deemed appropriate by the City Manager. All information required in this section shall be drawn to the same scale as the preliminary site plan or final subdivision plat, and certified as complete and accurate by persons duly licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to practice as such. Any applicant, or potential applicant, may confer with such departments and other agencies of the City as may be appropriate concerning a general development or redevelopment proposal before submission of an application. Such conference shall not be cons1d as an application for approval of such proposal. (A) General plan of development process. Except as otherwise provided herein, the plan of development process for any development or redevelopment in a Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area, except development or redevelopment requiring an administrative variance pursuant to Section 110(B), shall consist of the plans and information identified below: ? (2) A landscape plan which delineates or complies with the following: (a) The location, size, and description of existing and proposed plant material. All existing trees on the site of six (6) inches or greater diameter at breast height shall be shown. Where there are groups of trees, stands may be outlined instead. The specific number of such trees to be preserved outside or within the construction footprint shall be indicated on the plan. Trees and plants to be disturbed or removed to create a desired construction footprint shall be clearly delineated. A description of the proposed measures for mitigation shall include (i) a replanting schedule for trees and other vegetation removed for construction, including a list of plants and trees to be used; (ii) a demonstration that the design of the plan will preserve to the greatest extent possible any trees and vegetation on the site and will provide maximum erosion control and overland flow benefits from such vegetation; and (iii) a demonstration that existing plants are to be used to the greatest extent possible. If no mitigation or planting is required, existing trees may be delineated on the site plan or subdivision plat. (b) A delineation of any required buffer area and any plant material to be added to establish or supplement the buffer area. (c) Within the buffer area, a designation of the trees to be removed for sight lines, vistas, access paths and best management practices, and any vegetation replacing trees removed from the buffer area. (d) A designation of the trees to be removed for shoreline stabilization projects and any replacement vegetation. (e) A depiction of grade changes or other work adjacent to trees which would adversely affect them. Specifications shall be provided as to how grade, drainage, and aeration would be maintained around trees to be preserved. (f) A description of the limits of clearing of existing vegetation, based on all anticipated improvements, including buildings, drives, and utilities, and specifications for the protection of existing trees during clearing, grading, and all phases of construction. (g) All supplementary or replacement plant materials shall be in a healthy condition. Plant materials shall conform to the standards of the most recent edition of the American Standard for Nursery Stock, published by the American Nursery and Landscape Association, and shall be installed according to standard planting practices and procedures. (h) Where areas to be preserved are encroached upon, replacement of existing trees and other vegetation shall be achieved at a ratio of three (3) trees planted to one (1) tree greater than six (6) inches diameter at breast height removed, or by such other measures as in the judgment of the City Manager will adequately compensate for the removal of such trees and other vegetation. Replacement trees shall be a minimum two (2) to two and one-half (2?) inches caliper at the time of planting. ? (B) Administrative variance plan of development process. Except as otherwise provided herein, the plan of development process for any use, development or redevelopment in a Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area requiring an administrative variance shall consist of a site plan meeting the applicable requirements of the Site Plan Ordinance (Appendix C), unless deemed unnecessary by the City Manager, which shall contain the plans and information identified below: ? (6) Specifications for the protection of existing trees and vegetation during clearing, grading and all phases of construction. (7) Revegetation schedule. (8) Best management practices. ? ? (Ord. No. 2006, 11-6-90; Ord. No. 2080, 7-9-91; Ord. No. 2154, 6-23-92; Ord. No. 2190, 11-10-92; Ord. No. 2267, 6-14-94; Ord. No 2473, 2-24-98; Ord. No. 2663, 10-23-01; Ord. No. 2790, 12-9-03; Ord. No. 2855, 12-7-04; Ord. No. 3341, 4-22-14, eff. 7-1-14) Editor's note? Ord. No. 2790, adopted Dec. 9, 2003, renumbered former ? 110 of this appendix as ? 107.

Virginia Beach City Code View whole ordinance
APPENDIX G SOUTHERN RIVERS WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE Sec. 7. - Performance standards. (a) Development resulting in or requiring a land disturbance exceeding an area of two thousand five hundred (2,500) square feet shall comply with the erosion and sediment control requirements set forth in sections 30-56 through 30-78 of the City Code. ? (d) The following design criteria shall apply to the fifty-foot area described in subsection (c): (1) Such area shall consist of a mixture of indigenous evergreen and deciduous trees, grass and shrubs; (2) Trees and shrubs, which may be of seedling variety, shall be planted on ten-foot centers; and (3) Except as allowed in subsection (c), vegetation located in such area shall not be cleared, cut or mown.

Waynesboro City Code View whole ordinance
Chapter 74 SUBDIVISIONS ARTICLE IV. SUBDIVISION DESIGN DIVISION 1. IN GENERAL Sec. 74-44. Preservation of natural features and amenities. (a) Generally. Existing natural features that would add value to residential development or to the city as a whole, such as trees, watercourses, historic sites, and similar irreplaceable assets shall be protected wherever practicable in the design of the subdivision. (b) Site cover requirements. (1) In subdivision development trees shall be retained to the extent that, at ten years from date of preliminary plat approval, minimum tree canopies or covers (including retained trees and new trees planted under subsection (d) below) will total as far as possible the following site cover percentages: Zoning Districts Percentage of Site Cover - Multiple-Dwelling and Industrial District: 10 Percent - Single-Family Residential Districts: 20 Percent The area to be occupied by the estimated building footprint(s) and driveway access area(s) proposed for a development site shall be subtracted from the gross site area before calculating required tree coverage. (2) As used herein, "tree canopy" or "tree cover" shall include all areas of coverage by plant material exceeding five (5) feet in height, and the extent of canopy at maturity shall be derived from the current edition of "Manual of Woody Landscape Plants" by Michael A. Dirr, or other comparable sources. (3) The applicant shall consult with the city horticulturist as to trees planted to satisfy canopy requirements stated herein. (4) To curtail the spread of disease or insect infestation in a plant species, when more than five trees are required to be planted on a site, no more than 50 percent of those trees shall be of one type. When more than 20 trees are required on a site, no more than 25 percent of the required trees shall be of a single species. (c) Existing trees. (1) The applicant shall provide a tree protection plan to be approved by the city horticulturist and shall protect existing trees, where possible, in the design and development of a subdivision and replace those trees necessarily removed during such development. (2) All trees that are to be retained shall be marked and protected during construction, with tree wells provided where necessary to protect the tree from changes in grade. (3) Existing trees infested with disease or insects or structurally damaged to the extent that they pose a hazard to persons or property, or to the health of other trees on site, shall not be included to meet the tree cover requirements. (d) New trees. (1) New streets. The applicant shall plant shade or ornamental trees along both sides of all new streets. Such trees shall be spaced not more than 50 feet apart on each side of the street off the city right-of-way. Such trees shall be at least two inches in caliper. (2) Developer shall be encouraged but not required to plant trees in addition to those required under subsection (d)(1) of this section. (e) Waiver. The requirements of this section 74-44 may be waived, in whole or in part, by the city council in one or more of the following circumstances: (1) To allow for the reasonable development of areas devoid of woody materials, dedicated school sites, playing fields and other non-wooded recreation areas, and other facilities and uses of a similar nature. (2) To allow for the preservation of wetlands. (3) When strict application of the requirements would result in unnecessary or unreasonable hardship to the developer as provided in section 74-126 of this chapter. (Ord. No. 2000-56, 11-27-00) Sec. 74-45. - Soil erosion and sediment control. (a) The applicant shall submit a soil erosion and sediment control plan to be approved in accordance with the provisions of chapter 30 "Environment" of this Code. Such plan shall include measures to control soil erosion both during and after construction. (b) In order to stabilize grade areas, grass shall be re-seeded on cleared areas in accordance with chapter 30 of this code. Sod may be used to comply with this requirement. (c) Except as otherwise provided herein, no cut trees, timber, debris, junk, rubbish or other waste materials of any kind shall be left deposited on any lot or street at the time of issuance of a certificate of occupancy. Removal of such debris and waste shall be considered a prerequisite of the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. No such debris shall be left or deposited in any area of the subdivision at the time of expiration of any subdivision improvement agreement or dedication of public improvements, whichever is sooner. (Ord. No. 2000-56, 11-27-00)

Winchester City Code View whole ordinance
CHAPTER 9 WATER PROTECTION SECTION 9-81. MANAGEMENT OF A STREAM BUFFER. Each stream buffer required to be established or maintained pursuant to this Article shall be managed as provided herein: (a) The target vegetative cover in a stream buffer area shall be an indigenous riparian forest with ground cover, shrub and tree canopy layers. (b) Within twenty-five (25) feet of the top of the stream bank and on land classified as nontidal wetland: (1) Indigenous riparian vegetation shall be preserved, or, where it does not exist, it shall be restored or allowed to evolve by natural succession; (2) Dead, diseased, and dying trees may be removed; (3) Fallen trees that are blocking stream channels, or trees with undermined root systems in imminent danger of falling, may be removed where stream bank erosion is a current or potential problem that outweighs any positive effects the fallen tree or trees may have on the stream ecosystem; (4) Removal or pruning of invasive shrub and vine species is allowed, provided that such removal or pruning is done in a manner that prevents erosion; (5) Unpaved pathways and trails may be constructed and maintained in a manner that will effectively control erosion and to minimize adverse impacts to the buffer, subject to applicable provisions of ?9-83, below; and (6) Stormwater channels may be constructed and maintained in a manner that will prevent erosion and minimize adverse impacts to the buffer. ? Beyond twenty-five (25) feet from the top of the stream bank to the limits of the required buffer: (1) Dead, diseased and dying trees may be removed; (2) Trees 6 inches in diameter or greater, measured 48 inches from the ground, shall be preserved; (3) Removal or pruning of invasive shrub and vine species shall be allowed, provided that such removal or pruning is done in a manner that prevents erosion; and (4) Unpaved pathways and trails may be constructed and maintained in a manner that will effectively control erosion and minimize adverse impacts to the buffer, subject to applicable provisions of ?9-83, below. (5) Stormwater channels may be constructed and maintained in a manner that will prevent erosion and minimize adverse impacts to the buffer. (d) Where an existing structure (i.e. building, street, road, bridge, etc.) is located within the buffer, vegetation, not including the ground cover, can be removed within 15 feet of the structure. Removal of additional vegetation can be allowed if required by State or Federal requirements or if necessary for the health, safety or welfare of the City?s citizens and approved by the City Engineer.